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Sensation/Perception
Cognition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define sensation. | A conscious experience resulting from stimulation of a specific sense organ, sensory nerve, or sensory area in the brain. |
| Define perception. | The sensory experience of the world. It involves both recognizing environmental stimuli and actions in response to these stimuli. It not only creates our experience of the world around us; it allows us to act within our environment. |
| What is the difference between selective attention (S) and divided attention (D)? | S is the ability to select from many factors or stimuli and to focus on only the one that you want while filtering out other distractions. D is the ability to process two or more responses or react to two or more different demands simultaneously. |
| Define cognition. | The mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension. These cognitive processes include thinking, knowing, remembering, judging, and problem-solving. |
| What are the stimuli for the different sensory organs? | Electromagnetic radiation (vision), sound waves (audition), chemical energy (olfaction), chemical energy (gustation), mechanical energy (balance), mechanical and thermal energy (tough and other skin sensations), mechanical energy (kinaesthesis). |
| Define reception. | The process by which the eye receives incoming light from the external environment and focuses it onto the retina where an image of the visual stimulus is captured. |
| Define transduction. | The process of converting one form of energy into another. E.g., your ears receive energy (sound waves) and transduce (or convert) this energy into neural messages that make their way to your brain and are processed as sounds. |
| Define transmission. | The process by which one neuron communicates with another. |
| Explain how the eyes function. | When light hits the retina, special cells called photoreceptors turn the light into electrical signals. These electrical signals travel from the retina through the optic nerve to the brain. Then the brain turns the signals into the images you see. |
| Define retina. | A light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye. |
| Define optic nerve | A special sensory nerve that carries information from the visual world to the brain. |
| Define cornea. | The transparent outer layer of the eye responsible for protection and vision. In regards to vision the cornea bends the light that enters the eye which is responsible for the ability to focus on objects. |
| Define fovea. | A part of the eye, located in the center of the macula region of the retina. Responsible for sharp central vision, which is necessary in humans for reading, driving, and any activity where visual detail is of primary importance |
| Define organisation. | The grouping of selected features of stimuli to form a whole image. |
| Define interpretation. | The process through which we represent and understand stimuli. Once information is organized into categories, we superimpose it onto our lives to give them meaning. |
| What are daydreams? | A shift of attention from external to internal stimuli. |
| Define habituation. | A decrease in attention when a stimulus is repeated. |
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22JCHAL
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