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evolutionary fitness
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ap bio unit 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| evolution | a change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation |
| evolutionary fitness | an organism's ability to survive and reproduce, based on its genetic contributions to following generations |
| natural selection | process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than do other individuals BECAUSE OF those traits |
| selective pressure | any biotic or abiotic factors influencing survivability |
| adaptive radiation | evolution of new species that allows empty ecological roles or niches to be filled |
| biological species concept | a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring -- but not with members of other groups |
| divergent evolution | occurs when adaptation to new habitats results in phenotypic diversification |
| gradualism | changes in species are slow and gradual occurring over long periods of time |
| punctuated equilibrium | periods of apparent stasis in morphology punctuated by sudden change |
| reproductive isolation | the existence of biological factors that impede members of two species from interbreeding and producing viable, fertile offspring |
| speciation | the process by which one species splits into two or more species |
| ecosystems | community of living organisms in partnership with nonliving organisms |
| extinction | the disappearance of a species, such that no future generations will naturally populate the Earth |
| niche | the role an organism plats within its environment |
| species diversity | the variety of species within a habitat or a region |
| RNA world hypothesis | life on Earth began with an RNA molecule that could replicate itself |
| convergent evolution | the independent evolution of similar features in different lineages |
| bottleneck effect | a sudden change in the environment that drastically reduces the size of a population |
| founder effect | individuals who become isolated from a larger population establish a new population with a different gene pool compared to the source population |
| genetic drift | chance events that cause allele frequencies to fluctuate unpredictably from one generation to the next |
| mutation | change in a DNA sequence |
| population | a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area |
| hardy-weinberg equilibrium | a population where allele and genotype frequencies remain contstant from generation to generation 1. no migration 2. no mutation 3. random mating 4. no natural selection 5. large population |
| migration | pattern of behavior in which organisms travel from one habitat to another |
| null hypothesis | the hypothesis which states experimental variables have no relationship and experimental observations are the result of chance |
| fossil | remains or traces of organisms from the past |
| isotope | atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers |
| morphology | form and structure of animals and plants |
| vegistal structure | remnants of features that served a function in the organism's ancestors |
| cladogram | a diagram used to show evolutionary relationships amongst species |
| lineage | lineal descent from an ancestor or ancestral species |
| molecular clock | an approach for measuring the absolute time of evolutionary change based on the observation that some genes and other regions of genomes appear to evolve at constant rates |
| out-group | s species or group of species from an evolutionary lineage that is closely related to but not part of the group of species that we are studying |
| phylogenetic tree | evolutionary history of a group of organisms represented in a branching diagram |
| phylogeny | the evolutionary history of a species or a group of species |
Created by:
andream18
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