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AP Human Geography
11&14: Development & Resource Issues
Question | Answer |
---|---|
animate power | power supplied by people or animals |
inanimate power | power generated from machines |
biomass fuel | wood, plant material, & animal waste |
resource | substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically & technologically feasible to access, & is socially acceptable to use |
fossil fuel | residue of plants and animals that were buried many years ago |
renewable energy | energy that can is replaced continually |
nonrenewable energy | energy that forms so slowly that for practical purposes it cannot be renewed |
proven reserve | amount of energy remaining in deposits that have been discovered |
potential reserve | energy in undiscovered deposits that are thought to exist |
fission | production of electricity from energy released by splitting uranium atoms in a controlled environment |
radioactive waste | product of all nuclear reactions |
ferrous | iron ore & other allows used in the production of iron & steel |
nonferrous | utilized to make products other than iron and steel (most abundant is aluminum) |
pollution | more waste is added than a resource can accommodate |
air pollution | concentration of trace substances at a greater level than occurs in average air |
greenhouse effect | anticipated increase in Earth's temperature, caused by carbon dioxide trapping some of the radiation emitted by the surface |
ozone | stratosphere above Earth's surface |
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) | pollutants used in refrigerators & air conditioners that break down Earth's layer of ozone gas |
acid deposition | tiny droplets of sulfuric acid & nitric acid form & return to Earth's surface |
acid precipitation | rain, snow, or fog |
photochemcial smog | formed from hydrocarbons & nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight |
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) | constitued by the oxygen consumed by the decomposing organic waste |
sanitary landfill | most common strategy for disposal of solid waste |
passive solar energy systems | capture energy without special devices |
active solar energy systems | collect solar energy & convert it to heat energy/electricity |
photovoltaic cells | convert light energy into electrical energy |
hydroelectric power | energy of moving water used to generate electricity |
geothermal energy | energy from hot water or steam |
fusion | fusing of hydrogen atoms to form helium |
recycling | separation, collection, processing, marketing, and reuse of unwanted material |
conservation | sustainable use & management of natural resources such as wildlife, water, air, and Earth deposits to meet human needs |
preservation | maintenance of resources in their present condition, with as little human impact as possible |
sustainable development | development that meets the needs of the present w/o compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs |
biological diversity (biodiversity) | variety of species across Earth as a whole or in a specific place |
breeder reactor | turns uranium into a renewable resource by generating plutonium |