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Chapter 7 Med terms
CNHP 2010 Chapter 7
Term | Definition |
---|---|
adeno/o | gland |
adren/o | adrenal gland |
adrenal/o | adrenal gland |
andr/o | male |
crin/o | to secrete |
dips/o | thirst |
gluc/o | glucose |
glucos/o | glucose |
glyc/o | glucose |
hormon/o | hormon / an urging on |
ket/o | ketone bodies |
keton/o | ketone bodies |
pancreat/o | pancreas |
thym/o | thymus gland |
thyr/o | thyroid gland/ steroid |
thyroid/o | thyroid gland/shield |
adrenal glands | located on the superior surface of each kidney; the outer adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones, and the inner adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine; also called suprarenal glands |
suprarenal glands | located on the superior surface of each kidney; the outer adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones, and the inner adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine; also called adrenal glands |
steroid hormones | hormones secretes by the adrenal cortex |
glucocorticoids | hormones that regulate carbohydrate metabolism and have anti-inflammatory effects; cortisol is the most significant glucocorticoid |
mineralocorticoid | hormones that maintain salt and water balance |
androgens | hormones that influence development and maintenance of male sex characteristics, for example, facial hair, deep voice |
catecholamines | hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that affect the sympathetic nervous system in stress response |
epinephrine | hormone that is secreted is secreted in response to fear or physical injury; also adrenaline |
adrenaline | hormone that is secreted in response to fear or physical injury; also called epinephrine |
norepinephrine | hormone that is secreted in response to hypotension (low blood pressure) and physical stress |
ovaries | located on both sides of the uterus in the female pelvis; secrete estrogen and progesterone |
estrogen | hormone that is responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics |
progesterone | hormone that regulates uterine conditions during pregnancy |
islets of Langerhans of the pancreas | endocrine tissue within the pancreas (the organ located behind the stomach, in front of the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae); secretes insulin and glucagon; also called pancreatic islets |
insulin | a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans that is responsible for regulating the metabolism of glucose (insulin=island) |
glucagon | a hormone secreted by the the alpha cells of the islets of the Langerhans that regulates carbohydrate metabolism by raising blood sugar |
parathyroid glands | two paired glands located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland in the neck; secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
parathyroid hormone (PTH) | hormone that regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism |
pineal gland | located in the center of the brain; secretes melatonin and serotonin |
melatonin | hormone that is involved with circadian rhythm (24-hour cycle); affects the onset of puberty |
serotonin | hormone that constricts blood vessels and acts as a neurotransmitter |