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Pharmacology

Sympathomimetics

QuestionAnswer
What are sympathomimetics? Agents which in general mimic responses due to stimulation of sympathetic nerves.
Which receptors are activated by sympathomimetics? Adrenergic receptors
How do sympathomimetics activate directly or indirectly adrenergic receptors? Increasing norepinephrine and epinephrine levels
What are the main mediators of the sympathoadrenal system? Norepinephrine and Epinephrine
What conditions are most commonly treated with Sympathomimetics? Cardiovascular pathology, hypersensitivity, COPD, adn glaucoma
What sympathomimetic drugs have direct-acting mode of action? Alpha-adrenergic agonists, B-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists
What are some common indirect acting sympathomimetics? MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibits that increase levels of endogenous catecholamines
What are the main two categories of Direct-acting adrenergic agonists? Selective and Nonselective
What are 4 common examples of a Selective direct-adrenergic agonists? Phenylephrine, Clonidine, Dobutamine, and Terbutaline
What is a Direct-adrenergic agonist of alpha-1 receptor? Phenylephrine
What is the overall or simple way to describe the mode of action of Indirect acting sympathomimetics? Release NA from nerve endings
Directly act as agonist on a alpha & beta or both Direct Acting sympathomimetic
On which type of neuron do Indirect acting sympathomimetic act on? Adrenergic neurons to release N. A.
What does the classification of Direct acting sympathomimetics, selective or nonselective, describes? Selective are drugs that only work in one receptor (alpha or beta), and nonselective act on more than one receptor, either alpha, beta, or both.
Selective Direct-acting alpha-2 sympathomimetic Clonidine
On which receptor does Clonidine work? alpha-2
Which receptor is stimulated by Dobutamine? Beta-1
What is an important B-1 direct acting sympathomimetic? Dobutamine
What type of adrenergic agonist is Terbutaline? Selective Direct-Acting adrenergic agonist
Which receptors are stimulated by Isoproterenol? Beta-1 and Beta-2
Does Epinephrine or Norepinephrine, have B2 activity? Epinephrine
List of Nonselective Direct-acting adrenergic agonists: Oxymetazoline Isoproterenol Epinephrine Norepinephrine
Which sympathomimetic is known to have mixed-acting qualiteis? Ephedrine
Which adrenergic receptors are stimulated by Epinephrine? Alpha 1 , Alpha 2, Beta 1, and Beta-2
What are the subcategories of Indirect-acting adrenergic agonists? 1. Releasing agents 2. Uptake inhibitor 3. MOA inhibitors 4. COMT inhibitors
What is meant by saying that Ephedrine has mixed acting qualities? It is both a direct acting agonist, and and indirect acting adrenergic agonist.
What is the Indirect form in which Ephedrine works? As a releasing agent
What are common Indirect-acting adrenergic receptors, classified as releasing agents? Amphetamine, and tyramine
Is cocaine a direct or indirect-acting sympathomimetic? Indirect-Acting adrenergic agonist
MOA inhibitor: 1. Selegiline 2. Indirect-Acting adrenergic agonist
What is the purpose of action for Indirect-acting sympathomimetics? Increase the availability of NE and EPI to stimulate adrenergic receptors
Other than Ephedrine, what other hormone has mixed-acting sympathomimetic features? Dopamine
List of muscles with alpha-1 adrenergic activity: 1. Most vascular smooth muscle (innervated) 2. Pupillary dilator muscle 3. Pilomotor smooth muscle 4. Prostate 5. Heart
What is the action due to a-1 vascular smooth muscle stimulation? Contraction
alpha 1 stimulation of the pupillary dilator muscle cause: Contraction (dilates pupil)
If an alpha 1 receptor is stimulated will increase or decrease blood pressure? Increase blood pressure
Dilation of the pupil can be achieved by stimulating which adrenergic receptor? Alpha-1
What is the effect/action on the heart as the alpha-1 adrenergic receptor is stimulated? Increases force of contraction
Which receptor is stimulated in order to increase the heart force of contraction? Alpha-1
Which tissues are affected by alpha-2 stimulation? 1. Postsynaptic CNS neurons 2. Platelets 3. Adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals 4. Fat cells 5. Some vascular smooth muscle
What is a hematologic effect of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor stimulation? Platelet aggregation
Which adrenergic receptor can be blocked in order to prevent platelet aggregation? Alpha-2
What is the effect of agonism of alpha-2 receptor in fat cells? Inhibits lipolysis
Which are the main tissues affected by B1-adrenoreceptors? Heart and juxtaglomerular cells
What actions are associated by the stimulation of B1 adrenoreceptors? Increases force and rate of contraction ; increase renin release
Which adrenoreceptor subtype is stimulated in order to increase heart rate? Beta-1
Will stimulation or inhibition of Beta-1 adrenoreceptor cause decrease in heart rate? Inhibition
Increasing the activity of B-1 adrenoreceptors will increase or decrease renin release? Increase renin release
What muscle tissues are affected by B2-adrenoreceptor stimulation? Respiratory, uterine, and vascular smooth muscle
What is the effect on the muscle tissues that are affected by B-2 stimulation? Promotes smooth muscle relaxation
What is the action produced by the skeletal muscle due to B2-adrenoreceptor activation? Promotes potassium uptake
An uptake of potassium can be seen with increased activity of which adrenoceptor subtype? B2
What is the action produced by B2 activity on human liver cells? Activates glycogenolysis
What is the effect of D1 activity on smooth muscle? Dilates renal blood vessels
Created by: rakomi
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