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Forensic terms 1
for Elchin
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Locard's exchange principle | whenever two objects come into contact, materials are exchanged between them |
Scientific method | process that uses strict guidelines to ensure careful and systemic collection, organization, and analysis of information |
Fact | a statement or information that can be verified |
Observation | when a person percieves using their senses |
Eyewitness | someone who has witnessed a scene and can communicate the details |
CSI effect | exaggerated evidence that there will always be fullproof evidence for any given crime scene |
Bertillion measurements | outdated set of 11 measurements used to identify repeated criminals |
Latent fingerprints | fingerprints that need assistance other than the human eye to see |
Criminalist | application of scientific techniques in collecting and analyzing physical evidence in criminal cases |
Forensic anthropoligist | uses skeletal remains to determine species origin, gender, possible cause of death, and facial reconstruction |
Forensic pathologist | used to determine cause and manner of death by examining a corpse |
Forensic odontologist | identification of found human remains, identification is mass fatalities, assessment of bite injuries, assessment of abuse cases, age estimation, etc. |
Forensic entomologist | application and study of insects to criminal matters |
Coppilina case | acknowledges that even well established scientific procedures were once new and unproved and it is the court's duty to weigh the admissibility of new tests |
Daubet case | reviews and sets guidelines for admitting scientific evidence |
Pitchfork case | 1984: first case to use DNA for a successful conviction |