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Med Term Ch 10
The respiratory system- Pulmonology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Root and definition of Adenoid | adenoid/o "gland" + "oid" = resembling a gland |
| Root and Definition of Trachea | trache/o "windpipe"- from greek word "rough" because of the bumpy ridges that line the outside of the trachea |
| Root and definition of tonsil | tonsill/o tonsil comes from latin word "almond" |
| Root of Nose | naso/o, rhin/o |
| Root and definition of Larynx | laryng/o voice box |
| Root and definition of Pharynx | pharyng/o throat |
| Root and definition of Septum (plural=septa) | sept/o comes from latin word meaning "partition" or "dividing structure"; can refer to any wall dividing 2 cavities |
| Root for air or lungs | Pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o |
| Root for lungs | Pulmon/o |
| Root and definition of Sinus | sin/o, sinus/o From latin word meaning "hollow" or "cavity"; sinus refers generally to any hollow area- specifically those in bones |
| Root and definition of Lobe | lob/o well-defined portion of any organ; main organs that have lobes are the brain, lungs, and liver |
| Root and definition of Bronchus | bronch/o, bronchi/o Main branches from the trachea into each lung |
| Root and definition of Sternum | stern/o breast bone |
| Root and definition of Alveolus | alveol/o Air sac; air sacs in the lungs (pulmonary alveoli), or sockets in the jaw from which teeth emerge (dental alveoli). Bump behind teeth = alveolar ridge |
| Root of and definition of Ribs | cost/o 3 categories; true, false, floating. Top seven ribs = true; attach to both spine and sternum. Next 3 = false, connect to spine and lowest true rib instead of sternum. Lowest 2 ribs = floating, they attach to only the spine |
| Root of chest | Thorac/o, pector/o (pectus), steth/o |
| Root of Diaphragm | phren/o Can also refer to brain (Greek's believed the chest was the seat of emotion and reason) |
| Root and definition of Pleura | pleur/o Membrane surrounding the lungs |
| Root of Oxygen | ox/o |
| Root and Suffix for Breathing | spir/o, -pnea |
| Root for Carbon Dioxide | capn/o, carb/o |
| Apnea AP-nee-ah | a= not, pnea= breathing cessation of breathing |
| Eupnea YOOP-nee-ah | eu=good, pnea= breathing good/normal breathing |
| Tachypnea ta-KIP-nee-ah | tachy= fast, pnea= breathing rapid breathing |
| Bradypnea brad-ip-NEE-ah | brady= slow, pnea= breathing slow breathing |
| Hypopnea hai-POP-nee-ah | hypo= under, pnea= breathing shallow breathing |
| Hyperpnea hai-perp-NEE-ah | hyper= over, pnea= breathing heavy breathing |
| Dyspnea disp-NEE-ah | dys= bad, pnea= breathing difficulty breathing |
| Orthopnea or-thop-NEE-ah | ortho= straight, pnea= breathing able to breathe only in upright position |
| Hyperventilation hai-per-ven-ti-LAY-shun | hyper= over, ventil= breathing, ation= process overbreathing; the condition of having too much air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypocapnia |
| Hypoventilation hai-poh-ven-ti-LAY-shun | hypo= under, ventil= breathing, ation= process under breathing; the condition of having too little air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypercapnia |
| Dysphonia dis-FON-ia | dys= bad, phonia= sound/voice bad voice condition (also known as hoarseness) |
| Epistaxis ep-ee-STAKS-is | a nosebleed |
| Rhinorrhagia rai-no-RAY-jah | rhino= nose, rragia= excessive bleeding excessive blood flow from the nose (another word for nosebleed) |
| Rhinorrhea rai-no-REE-yah | rhino= nose, rrhea= discharge runny nose |
| Bronchospasm BRON-ko-spaz-um | broncho= bronchus, spasm= involuntary contraction involuntary contraction of the bronchus |
| Phrenospasm fre-no-SPAZ-um | phreno= diaphragm, spasm= involuntary contraction involuntary contraction of the diaphragm (also known as hiccups) |
| Pleuralgia plur-AL-jah | pleuro= pleura, algia= pain pain in the pleura |
| Pleurodynia plur-oh-DIH-nee-ah | pleuro= pleura, dyna= pain plain in the pleura |
| Thoracalgia thor-a-KAL-jah | thorac= chest, algia= pain chest pain |
| Bronchorrhea bron-koh-REE-ah | broncho= bronchus, rrhea= discharge discharge from the bronchi |
| Expectoration eks-pec-tor-A-shun | ex= out, pector= chest, ation= process coughing or spitting material out of the lungs |
| Hemoptysis heem-op-TIS-sis | hemo= blood, ptysis= cough coughing up blood |
| Sputum SPYOO-tum | latin for "spit" mucus discharge from the lungs by coughing |
| Auscultation ah-skul-TAY-shun | from latin word "ausculto" meaning to listen a health care professional using a stethoscope to listen to a patient's chest |
| Cyanosis sai-an-O-sis | cyan= blue, osis= condition a bluish color in the skin caused by insufficient oxygen |
| Pectoriloquy pek-tor-IH-low-kwee | pectori= chest, loquy= speak speaking from the chest; used as means of finding masses in the lung. A dr will listen to a patient's chest& asks the patient to whisper a word. The word will be audible in areas where fluid or a mass is present |
| Pectus carinatum PEK-tus car-ee-NAH-tum | pectus= chest, carinatum= keel a chest that protrudes like the keel of a ship |
| Pectus excavatum PEK-tus eks-cuh-VAH-tum | pectus= chest, ex= out, cavatum= hollowed a chest that is hollowed out |
| Percussion per-KUH-shun | striking the body surface (in the context, to cause vibrations that can help locate fluid buildup in the chest) |
| Retraction reh-TRAK-shun | re=back, trac= drag, ion= process the sucking in of the skin around bones during inhalation, happens when someone is in respiratory distress |
| Atelectasis ah-tel-EK-ta-sis | a= not, tel= complete, ectasis= expansion Incomplete expansion |
| Bronchiectasis bron-key-EK-ta-sis | bronchi= bronchus, ectasis= expansion expansion of the bronchi |
| Caseous necrosis KAYZ-ee-us ne-CROW-sis | causeous = cheeselike, necr= death, osis= condition a death of tissue with a cheeselike appearance |
| Chylothorax kai-low-THOR-aks | chylo= chyle, thorax= chest Chyle in the chest (Chyle= milky bodily fluid formed in small intestine during digestion of fatty foods and carried through the body via lymph vessels) |
| Empyema em-pie-EE-mah | em= in, py= pus, ema= condition pus inside the chest |
| Hemothorax heem-o-THOR-aks | hemo= blood, thorax= chest blood in the chest |
| Phrenoplegia fre-no-PLEE-jah | phreno= diaphragm, plegia= paralysis paralysis of the diaphragm |
| Phrenoptosis fre-nop-TOE-sis | phreno= diaphragm, ptosis= drooping condition drooping of the diaphragm |
| Pleural effusion PLUR-al ef-FYOO-zhun | pleur= pleura, al= pertaining to, ex= out, fusion= pour fluid pouring out of the pleura |
| Pneumohemothorax new-moh-hee-moh-THOR-aks | pneumo= air, hemo= blood, thorax= chest air and blood in the chest |
| Pneumothorax new-moh-THOR-aks | pneumo= air, thorax= chest air in the chest |
| Pulmonary edema pul-mon-AIR-ee ah-DEE-ma | pulmon= lung, ary= pertaining to, edema= swelling Swelling in the lungs |
| Pyothorax pie-oh-THOR-aks | pyo= pus, thorax= chest Pus in the chest |
| Tracheostenosis tray-kee-oh-sten-OH-sis | tracheo= trachea, stenosis= narrowing |
| Hypercapnia hai-per-CAP-nee-ah | hyper= over, capn= carbon dioxide , ia= condition excessive carbon dioxide |
| Hypercarbia hai-per-CAR-bee-yah | hyper= over, carb= carbon dioxide, ia= condition excessive carbon dioxide |
| Hypocapnia hai-po-CAP-nee-yah | hypo= under, capn= carbon dioxide, ia= condition insufficient carbon dioxide |
| Hypocarbia hai-po-CAR-bee-yah | hypo= under, carb= carbon dioxide, ia= condition insuffiecient carbon dioxide |
| Hypoxemia hai-poks-EEM-ee-yah | hypo= under, ox= oxygen, emia= blood condition insufficient oxygen in the blood |
| Hypoxia hai-POKS-ee-yah | hypo- under, ox= oxygen, ia= condition insufficient oxygen |
| Computed tomography com-PYOO-ted tom-O-grah-fee | computed tomo= cut, graphy= writing procedure an imaging procedure using a computer to cut ("cut" in this context does not mean incision, but rather using a computer to view "slices" of a patient's organs) |
| Pulmonary angiography pul-mon-AIR-ee an-jee-O-grah-fee | pulmon= lung, ary = pertaining to, angio= vessel, graphy= writing procedure An imaging procedure for recording pulmonary blood vessel activity |
| Ventilation-perfusion scan (VQ scan) | ventil= breathing, ation-per= process-through, fusion= pour A scan that tests whether a problem in the lungs is caused by airflow (ventilation) or blood flow (perfusion) |
| Bronchoscopy bron-KOS-koh-pee | broncho= bronchus, scopy= looking procedure procedure to look inside the bronchi |
| Capnography cap-NOH-gra-fee | capno= carbon dioxide, graphy= writing procedure procedure to record carbon dioxide levels |
| Capnometer cap-NOM-eh-ter | capno= carbon dioxide, meter= instrument to measure instrument to measure carbon dioxide levels |
| Endoscope EN-doh-SKOHP | endo= inside, scope= instrument to look instrument to look inside |
| Nasopharyngoscope nay-zoh-fa-RIN-go-skope | naso= nose, pharyngo= throat, scope= instrument to look an instrument to look at the nose and throat |
| Oximetry ok-SIM-ah-tree | oxi= oxygen, metry= measuring process procedure to measure oxygen levels |
| Polysomnography po-lee-som-NAH-gra-fee | poly= multiple, somno= sleep, graphy= writing procedure recording multiple aspects of sleep |
| Pulmonary function testing (PFT) pul-mon-AIR-ee funk-shun TES-ting | pulmon= lung, ary = pertaining to a group of tests used to evaluate the condition and operation of the lungs |
| Spirometry speer-O-meh-tree | spiro= breathing, metry= measuring process procedure to measure breathing |
| Thoracoscopy thor-a-KOS-koh-pee | thoraco= chest, scopy= looking procedure examination of the chest (same as thorascopy) |
| Laryngitis la-rin-JAI-tis | laryng= larynx, itis= inflammation inflammation of the larynx |
| Laryngotracheobronchitis la-rin-go-tray-key-o-bron-KAI-tis | laryngo= larynx, tracheo= trachea, bronch= bronchus, itis= inflammation inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi |
| Rhinitis rai-NAI-tis | rhin= nose, itis = inflammation infammation of the nasal passages |
| Sinusitis sai-nus-AI-tis | sinus= sinus, itis = inflammation inflammation of the sinus |
| Pansinusitis pan-sai-nus-AI-tis | pan= all, sinus= sinus, itis= inflammation inflammation of all sinuses |
| Sleep apnea sleep AP-nee-ah | a= not, pnea= breathing a condition where the patient ceases to breath while asleep |
| Tonsillitis ton-sil-AI-tis | tonsill= tonsil, itis= inflammation inflammation of the tonsils |
| tracheitis tray-kee-AI-tis | trache= trachea, itis= inflammation inflammation of the trachea |
| Tracheomalacia tray-kee-oh-ma-LAY-shah | tracheo= trachea, malacia= softening |
| Asthma AZ-ma | from greek word pertaining to "panting" or "gasping" a disease causing episodic narrowing and inflammation of the airway |
| Bronchiolitis bron-kee-yo-LAI-tis | bronchiol= bronchiole, itis= inflammation inflammation of the bronchiole |
| Bronchitis bron-KAI-tis | bronch= bronchus, itis= inflammation inflammation of the bronchi |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | chron= time, ic= pertaining to, ob= in the way, struct= build, ive= pertaining to a group of lung diseases characterized by the continual blockage of lung passages |
| Cystic fibrosis SIS-tik fai-BROH-sis | cyst= cyst, ic= pertaining to , fibr= fiber, osis= condition a disease causing thick mucous buildup in the lungs and pancreas, named after the changes it causes to the lungs |
| Diaphragmatocele dai-a-frag-MAT-o-seel | diaphragmato= diaphragm, cele= pouch/tumor/hernia hernia of the diaphragm |
| Emphysema im-fi-ZEE-ma | from the Greek word "emphysan" meaning "to inflate" a disease that causes the alveoli to lose elasticity; emphysema patients can inhalte, but have difficulty exhaling |
| Obstructive lung disorder ob-STRUKT-iv | a lung disorder caused by a blockage |
| Pleuritis plur-AI-tis | pleur= pleura, itis= inflammation inflammation of the pleura |
| Pleurisy PLUR-ih-see | pleur= pleura, isy= inflammation another word for pleuritis, inflammation of the pleura |
| Pneumatocele new-MAT-o-seel | pneumato= lung, cele= pouch/tumor/hernia hernia of the lung |
| Pneumoconiosis new-moh-con-i-O-sis | pneumo= lung, consi= dust, osis= condition a lung condition caused by dust |
| Pneumonia new-MOH-nee-yah | pneumon= lung, ia= condition a lung condition |
| Pneumonitis new-moh-NAI-tis | pneumon= lung, itis = inflammation inflammation of the lung |
| Pulmonary embolism pul-mon-AIR-ee em-bol-IZ-um | pulmon= lung, ary= pertaining to, embol= embolus, ism = condition blockage in the pulmonary blood supply |
| Pulmonary neoplasm pul-mon-AIR-ee ne-oh-PLAZ-sum | pulmon= lung, ary = pertaining to, neo= new, plasm= formation new growth (tumor) in the lung |
| Restrictive lung disorder | re=back, strict= bind, ive= pertaining to a lung disorder caused by the limiting of air into the lungs |
| Bronchiogenic carcinoma bron-kee-oh-JEN-ic car-si-NO-ma | bronchio= bronchus, genic= beginning in, carcin= cancer, oma= tumor a camcerous tumor originating in the bronchi |
| Mesothelioma mee-zoh-thee-lee-OH-ma | meso= middle, theli= nipple, oma= tumor a cancerous tumor of the mesothelial cells lining the lungs |
| Antitussive an-tee-TUSS-iv | anti= against, tuss= cough, ive= agent a drug that prevents coughing |
| Bronchodilator bron-koh-DAI-lay-tor | broncho= bronchus, dilator= expander a drug that expands the walls of the bronchi |
| Expectorant eks-PEK-tor-ant | ex= out, pector= chest, ant= agent a dug that encourages the expulsion of material from the lungs |
| Mucolytic myoo-koh-LIT-ik | muco= mucus, lytic= breakdown agent a drug that aids in the breakdown of mucus |
| Nebulizer neh-byoo-LAI-zir | a machine that administers respiratory medication by creating a "cloud" or mist that is inhaled by the patient |
| Adenoidectomy a-din-oid-EK-toe-mee | adenoid= adenoid, ectomy= removal removal of the adenoids |
| Intubate IN-tub-ate | to insert a breathing tube from the mouth down into the trachea, to provide breathing support |
| Laryngectomy la-rin-JEK-toe-mee | laryng= larynx, ectomy= removal removal of the larynx |
| Laryngoplasty la-rin-GO-plas-tee | laryngo= larynx, plasty = reconstruction reconstruction of the larynx |
| Septoplasty sep-toe-PLAS-tee | septo= septum, plasty = reconstruction reconstruction of the septum |
| Palatoplasty pal-e-toe-PLAS-tee | palata= palate, plasty = conconctruction reconstruction of a palate |
| Tonsillectomy ton-sil-EK-toe-mee | tonsill= tonsil, ectomy= removal removal of the tonsils |
| Tracheostomy tray-kee-AH-stoh-mee | tracheo= trachea, stomy= opening Creating of an opening in the trachea |
| Tracheotomy tray-kee-AH-toe-mee | tracheo= trachea, tomy= incision incision into the trachea |
| Endotracheal intubation en-doh-TRAY-kee-al in-too-BAY-shun | endo= inside, trache= trachea, al= pertaining to insertion of a tube inside the trachea |
| Bronchoplasty bron-koh-PLAS-tee | reconstruction of the bronchus |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | method of artificially maintaining blood flow and airflow when breathing and pulse have stopped |
| Lobectomy loh-BEK-toe-mee | removal of a lobe |
| Pleuropexy ploo-rah-PEK-see | pleuro= pleura, pexy= fixation Reattachment of the pleura |
| Pneumonectomy new-mon-EK-toe-mee | pneumon= lung, ectomy= removal Removal of a lung |
| Thoracentesis thor-a-sin-TEE-sis | thora(co)= chest, centesis= puncture Puncture of the chest |
| Thoracoplasty thor-a-koh-PLAS-tee | thoraco= chest, plasty= reconstruction reconstruction of the chest |
| Thoracostomy thor-a-KOS-toe-mee | thoraco= chest, stomy= opening creation of an opening in the chest |
| Thoracotomy thor-a-KAH-toe-mee | thoraco= chest, tomy= incision incision into the chest |
| ABG | arterial blood gas analysis of the gases in the blood; used to determine the effectiveness of the lungs in exchanges gases (CBG= capillary blood gas; when they use capillary blood from finger stick) |
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrom |
| Bx | biopsy |
| CF | cystic fibrosis |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure a treatment of sleep apnea involving keeping a patient's airways open using air pressure delivered via a face mask |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CT | computed tomography |
| CTA | clear to auscultation when an examination reveals nothing abnormal about a patient's lungs |
| CXR | chest x-ray |
| DOE | dyspnea on exertion |
| ETT | Endotracheal tube |
| LRTI | Lower respiratory tract infection |
| LTB | laryngotracheobronchitis |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| OSA | obstructive sleep apnea |
| PE | pulmonary embolism |
| PET | positron emission tomography |
| PFT | pulmonary function test |
| PSG | polysomnography |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| T&A | tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
| TB | tuberculosis |
| URI/URTI | upper respiratory infection, upper respiratory tract infection |
| V/Q | ventilation-perfusion scan |
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