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Diseases of Heart

MEDOP 230- Cardiology: Diseases of the heart

TermDefinitionNote
Acute coronary syndrome A condition that occurs if the flow of oxygenated blood through a coronary artery is limited by a clot or atherosclerosis. •Includes acute ischemia, heart attack, or unstable angina pectoris. •Ischemia is blocking of blood flow to the heart muscle.
Angina pectoris Chest pain caused by ischemia. •Involves crushing, squeezing, or pressure-like pain in the chest that may extend to the jaw, teeth, neck, back, or left arm.•Often accompanied by extreme sweating and a sense of dread.•Considered a warning sign for impending heart attack.
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the heart, usually due to congestive heart failure.
Cardiomyopathy Condition of the heart muscle that includes cardiomegaly and heart failure.
Congestive heart failure (CHF) Inability of the heart to pump sufficient amounts of blood. •Caused by coronary artery disease or hypertension.•Involves cardiac hypertrophy followed by loss of contractile ability.
Right-sided CHF characterized by jugular venous distention, liver enlargement, and peripheral edema.
Left-sided CHF characterized by pulmonary edema, coughing, and shortness of breath.
Endocarditis Infection and inflammation of the endocardium that lines a heart valve; occurs in patients who have a structural defect of the valve.
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) Structural abnormality in which the leaflets of the mitral valve do not close tightly; may be congenital or the result of infection.
Murmur An abnormal heart sound that is heard as blood leaks through a defective valve; described by volume, when it occurs, and its sound.
Myocardial infarction (MI) Death of tissue in the myocardium due to severe lack of oxygen. (heart attack.) •Occurs when blood flow in a coronary artery is blocked by a clot or atherosclerosis.•May be accompanied by angina, indigestion-like symptoms, or no symptoms at all.
•If area of dead tissue is small, the heart keeps contracting and scar tissue develops. •If area of dead tissue is large, the heart may not be able to contract and death will result.
Pericarditis Infection or inflammation of the pericardial sac. •Involves an increase in the amount of pericardial fluid.•Pressure from this fluid may compress the heart and prevent it from pumping—a condition known as cardiac tamponade.
Rheumatic heart disease An autoimmune response to streptococcal infection in another body area (e.g., the throat) .•Antibodies to fight the infection begin attacking unaffected areas of the body.•Joints become swollen and inflamed.•Inflammation also damages the mitral and aortic valves.
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