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Review Unit 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How can we reduce evaporative heat loss? | Drying the infant immediately Placing the infant skin-to-skin Covering the infants head with hat Monitor temp every 15 minutes Not bathing the baby until temp has been stable for 2 hours |
| How can a nurse use understanding of newborn's heat production physiology to promote blood collection? | Infants pick up heat from the metabolized brown fat to warm the body. |
| Explain to parents about giving the first bath. | Make sure the umbilical cord falls off and the circumcision is healed And make sure infants temperature is stable for 2 hours before. |
| Internal and External stimuli in birth | Internal stimuli are chemically focused External stimuli are released to mechanical sensory Thermal changes in the newborn's body The external stimuli begins as the fetus moves through the birth canal |
| What is the time frame for fetal circulation | After the newborn starts breathing and the umbilical cord is cut. Fetal circulation has ended. |
| How does the infant eliminate conjugated bilirubin? | The liver changes the yellow pigment from the breakdown of the RBC into a water-soluble pigment that can be excreted by the body. Direct bilirubin is excreted into the common duct and duodenum. Once it is excreted it is mainly yellowish-brown stool. Small |
| Bilirubin newborn level: Total bilirubin level peaks by day 5 but should be below: Newborn blood level: Hemoglobin: HCT: | 5.8 11.7 80-110 12-18 45%-50% |
| What communication do you use for soothing an infant? | Nonverbal communication: Interactions by crying and quiet when soothed, and engage in mutual gazing |
| Deep Sleep: Light Sleep: Drowsy: Alert: | DS: Baby lies very still with occasional twitch, breathing is regular, and very difficult to awaken. LS: Rapid eye movement, occasionally fussy or making sucking movements, usually right before baby awakens. D: Baby's eyes may open, not fully asleep, an |
| Safe teaching for crying infants. | Allow the newborn to have crying fits to allow the increase of respirations and aid in opening the alveoli at birth. However, prolonged crying is not safe, baby will tire out and force the use of glycogen for energy. |
| What is meconium stool? | It is composed of black, sticky green material made from mucus, vernix, lanugo, hormones, and carbohydrates that started in the bowel during fetal development. |
| What can you use meconium stool for? | Be used for a drug screen |
| Fine, downy hair that covers the forehead, ears, and body of the newborn? | Lanugo |
| Very small hemorrhagic purplish spots | Petechiae |
| Bluish color of the hands and feet | Acrocyanosis |
| White protective coating on the skin of the newborn | Vernix Caseosa |
| How do we know if an infant has good cardiac function, proper hydration, poor respiration function? | Pulse rate and rhythm match the apical pulse Capillary refill S1 and S2 sounds Heart rate between 110-160 Skin turgor Head to toe assessment |
| Pseudomenstruation | Mucus and blood-tinged vaginal discharge is not uncommon. May be present for a few days until the level of maternal hormones in the newborn decreases |
| Gynecomastia | Found in both genders, the breasts are enlarged because of the maternal hormones. Resolves within a few days |
| Swelling of the scalp of the newborn | Caput succedaneum |
| Swelling on the head that does not cross the suture line. Caused by birth trauma | Cephalohematoma |
| When the sole of the foot is stroke, the newborns big toe moves upward toward the top surface of the foot and other toes fan out. | Babinski |
| Newborn turns the mouth of the same side of the cheek that is stroked | Rooting reflex |
| Newborn coughs in response to simulation of the posterior oral cavity | Gag reflex |
| Response to a slight drop, sudden movement, or a loud noise will make the newborn place the index fingers and thumbs into a C shape. | Moros reflex |
| Newborn wraps the fingers around the examiners when it is placed in the newborns palm | Palmar grasp |
| what medicine do you give for when the baby doesn't have the ability clot blood? | Vitamin K |
| Caring for a circumcision | Wrap the penis in a small amount of gauze with a dab of petroleum jelly, do not wash off the yellow crust. Give sponge baths until healing is complete. Keep groin clean and dry. |
| What device helps remove the air gently into the nostril? | Bulb syringe |
| Periodic breathing | Irregular breathing and the infant can pause breathing for 5 to 15 seconds. |
| When do you draw PKU? What are you looking for? | 24 hours after first feeding Metabolic disorders |
| Hormone responsible for milk production | Prolactin |
| Production of milk | Lactogenesis |
| Protein that functions as an antibody | Immunoglobulin |
| Dark area around the nipple | Areola |
| Difficult for baby to latch on if they are flat and do not stand up from the areola | Nipple |
| On demand feeding is what? | Mother must be available for breast feeding or provide pumped milk |
| Estimated calorie requirements | Term: 105-108 Preterm: 110-120 |
| Estimated fluid requirments | Term:140-160 Preterm:60-80 |
| What is the fluid rich with antibodies that may be secreted in small amounts during pregnancy and before milk production and is usually 2-3 days? | Colostrum |
| What milk is usually made between 3-10 days? | Transition milk |
| Milk produced and stored between feedings | Fore milk |
| Milk that is produced during the breastfeeding session. | Hind milk |
| Some advantages of breastfeeding | Convenient and economical Provides exact nutrients required for an infant's growth and development Promotes bonding and attachment with mother Women who breastfeed are at a lower chance of developing premenopausal breast cancer |
| Factors that will cause a woman to be unable to breastfeed | HIV+ Taking antiretroviral medications Using illicit drugs Taking chemotherapy Undergoing radiation therapy |
| Ready to feed formula | Available in a can or carton and should not be diluted |
| Formulated to be diluted with equal amounts of water | Liquid concentrated formula |
| Powder formula | It should be dissolved in water |
| Newborn's weight is greater than 90% | LGA |
| What causes the decrease in placental perfusion during gestation? | IUGR |
| Premature babies are | Underdeveloped |
| SGA | Newborns weight is under the 10th percentile for their gestational weight |
| Reasons baby is not getting enough oxygen | Birth asphyxia Mother does not get enough oxygen during labor. Newborn's airway becomes blocked Delivery is too long or too dificult |
| Condition in which no oxygen reaches the cell | Anoxia |
| Hypoxia | Decrease in oxygen supply to the tissue |
| Acute brain injury because of infant not getting enough oxygen | Asphyxia |
| Elevated carbon dioxide | Hypercapnia |
| Natural or normal breathing | Eupnea |
| Seen in RDS and meconium aspiration syndrome. Sign infant is having dyspnea | Grunting |
| Sever impairment of the respiratory function of a preterm newborn caused by immature lungs and lack of srufactant. | RDS |
| Blood flows from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries to the capillaries in the alveoli for gas exchange is called what? | PPH |
| Brachial Plexus Injury is caused by what? | Injury to newborn caused by increased neck shoulder angle |
| Infants body temperature drops and it attempts to adapt and raise the temperature | Cold stress |
| S/S of Cold stress | Temp below 97.7 Weak cry Slow respirations Jitters Respiratory distress Refusal to eat |
| What is it called when using a blue light to convert bilirubin molecules into water-soluble compounds that can be excreted by the body. | Phototherapy |
| Sepsis interventions | Monitor vitals and labs Administer IV fluids, antibiotics, and anitviral meds Monitor fluid balances Administer PN and observing complications Support family emotionally and providing chances for bonding |
| Interventions for family and NICU | Provide opportunities for parents to hold and bond with baby Therapeutic relationships with parents Answer all questions Include parents Refer baby by name Demonstrate care for parents and baby |
| Hypoglycemia S/S | Jitteriness or tremors Lethargy or irritability Apnea Hypothermia Poor feeding Weak or high-pitched cry |
| Medicines to give for babies exposed to HIV | Zidovudine Nevirapine ( if mother did not take prenatal) |
| Common self-limiting condition of infants in which tachypnea, increased oxygen needs, and mild respiratory distress occurs? | TTN |
| Warning signs to report | Temperature less than 96.9 or more than 99.3 Cyanosis Heart rate less than 110 or more than 160 Lack of movement Hypo or hypertonic muscle tone Jaundice Periods of apnea greater than 20 seconds |
| Normal Vital signs | Temperature 97.9-99.3 Heart rate asleep: 100 Awake: 120-160 Crying:180 Respirations: 30-60 BP: not routinely assessed Systolic: 50-75 Diastolic: 30-45 |
Created by:
lsteague
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