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Med Term Ch 12
Word parts of the urinary system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Root and meaning of Glomerulus (plural=glomeruli) | glomerul/o from latin word meaning "little ball" and refers to the little balls of blood vessels inside the kidney; primary place for filtering blood from urine |
| Root of kidney | nephr/o, ren/o |
| Root and meaning of Renal Pelvis | pyel/o Renal pelvis= series of tubes that funnel urine out of the kidneys and into the ureters and on to the bladder |
| Root of stone | lith/o accumulation of salts + calcium |
| Root of urine | ur/o, urin/o |
| Root of bladder | cyst/o, vesic/o |
| Root of urethra | urethr/o |
| Root and meaning of Ureter | ureter/o thick-walled tubes about 10in in length that carry urine from te kidneys to the bladder |
| Root of opening | meat/o meatus comes from latin word "to go through" |
| Root and meaning of Epididym/o | epididym/o oblong organ that sits on top of each testicle; place where sperm cells complete their final level of development and are stored |
| Root of penis | balan/o |
| Root of testicle | orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o |
| Root + meaning of prostate | prostat/o organ in male reproductive tract that surrounds the urethra |
| Root of sperm | sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/i |
| Anuria an-YUR-ee-ah | lack of urination |
| Cystalgia sis-TAL-jah | pain in the bladder |
| cystodynia SIS-toh-DAI-nee-ah | pain in the bladder |
| Cystoplegia SIS-toh-PLEE-jah | bladder paralysis |
| Dysuria dis-YUR-ee-ah | painful urination |
| Enuresis EN-yur-EE-sis | involuntary urination |
| Hematuria HEE-mah-TUR-ee-ah | bloody urination |
| Incontinence | inability to control urination |
| Nephralgia neh-FRAL-jah | pain in the kidney |
| Nocturia nok-TUR-ee-ah | Nighttime urination |
| Nocturnal enuresis nok-TIR-nal EN-yur-EE-sis | nighttime involuntary urination |
| Oliguria aw-lih-GYIR-ee-ah | low urine output |
| Polydipsia PAW-lee-DIP-see-ah | excessive thirst |
| Polyuria PAW-lee-YUR-ee-ah | excessive urination |
| Pyuria pai-YUR-ee-ah | Pus in the urine |
| Ureteralgia yur-EE-ter-AL-jah | pain in the ureter |
| Urethrodynia yoo-REE-throh-DAI-nee-ah | pain in the urethra |
| Urethrorrhea yoo-REE-throh-REE-ah | discharge from the urethra |
| Urocyanosis YUR-oh-SAI-ah-NOH-sis | blue urine |
| Urodynia YUR-oh-DAI-nee-ah | painful urination |
| Balanorrhea BAL-ah-noh-REE-ah | discharge from the penis |
| Orchialgia OR-kee-AL-jah | testicle pain |
| Orchidoptosis OR-kih-dop-TOH-sis | downward displacement of a testicle |
| Orchiodynia OR-kee-oh-DIH-nee-ah | testicle pain |
| Priapism PREE-ap-izm | persistent and painful erection |
| Albuminuria al-byoo-mih-NUR-ee-ah | protein in the urine (albumin= protein) |
| Azotemia AZ-oh-TEE-nee-ah | excess nitrogen in the blood (azot= nitrogen) |
| Azotorrhea AZ-oh-toh-REE-ah | excessive discharge of nitrogen (azoto= nitrogen) |
| Azoturia AZ-oh-TUR-ee-ah | excess nitrogen in the urine |
| Cystorrhexis SIS-toh-REK-sis | Rupture of the bladder |
| Dipsogenic DIP-soh-JIN-ik | Creating thirst |
| Glucosuria GLOO-koh-shur-EE-ah | sugar in the urine |
| Hyperkalemia HAI-per-kah-LEE-mee-ah | excessive potassium in the blood (kal= potassium) |
| Hyponatremia HAI-poh-nah-TREE-mee-ah | low sodium in blood (natr= sodium) |
| Ketolysis kee-TAW-lih-sis | breakdown of ketones |
| Ketonuria kee-toh-NUR-ee-ah | presence of ketones in the urine |
| Meatal stenosis mee-AY-tal- steh-NOH-sis | narrowing of the opening of the urethra |
| Nephroptosis nef-rop-TOH-sis | downward displacement of a kidney |
| Nephrosis neh-FROH-sis | kidney condition |
| Uremia ur-EE-mee-ah | urine in the blood |
| Ureterocele yoo-REE-ter-oh-SEEL | hernia of a ureter |
| Ureterolithiasis yoo-REE-ter-oh-lih-THAI_ah-sis | presence of stones in a ureter |
| Ureterostenosis yoo-REE-ter-oh-steh-NOH-sis | narrowing of a ureter |
| Urethrospasm yoo-REE-throh-SPAZ-um | involuntary contraction of the urethra |
| Urethrostenosis yoo-REE-throh-steh-NOH-sis | narrowing of the urethra |
| Cystoscopy sis-TAW-skoh-pee | process of examining the bladder |
| Meatoscope mee-AT-oh-SKOHP | instrument for examining the opening of the urethra |
| Meatoscopy MEE-ah-TAW-skoh-pee | process of examining the opening of the urethra |
| Nephroscopy ne-FRAW-skoh-pee | procedure for examining a kidney |
| Resectoscope rih-SEK-toh-SKOHP | instrument for examining and cutting (usually the prostate) |
| Ureteroscopy yoo-REE-ter-AW-skoh-pee | process of examining a ureter |
| Urethroscope yoo-REE-throh-SKOHP | instrument for examining the urethra |
| Urethroscopy yoo-ree-THRAW-skoh-pee | process of examining the urethra |
| Urinalysis (UA) | analysis of the urine to determine presence of abnormal elements |
| Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; it is the product of the breakdown of amino acids for energy |
| Diuresis DAI-yur-EE-sis | excessive urination |
| Nephrologist neh-FRAW-loh-jist | specialist in the kidneys |
| Nephrology neh-FRAW-loh-jee | study of the kidneys |
| Urologist yur-AW-loh-jist | specialist in the urinary tract |
| Urology yur-AW-loh-jee | study of the urinary tract |
| Uropoiesis YUR-oh-poh-EE-sis | formation of urine |
| Uroxanthin YUR-oh-ZAN-thin | substance in urine that makes it yellow |
| Voiding | Another term for urination |
| Anorchidism an-OR-kih-DIZ-um | lack of a testicle |
| Aspermia ay-SPER-me-ah | condition characterize by lack of living sperm |
| Azoospermia ay-ZOH-aw-SPER-mee-ah | condition characterized by lack of living sperm |
| Cryptorchidism krip-TOR-kih-DIZ-um | hidden testicle |
| Hydrocele HAI-droh-SEEL | fluid-filled mass in a testicle |
| Hypospadias HAI-poh-SPAY-dee-as | birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside, instead of the end, of the penis |
| Oligospermia AW-lih-goh-SPER-mee-ah | condition characterized by low sperm production |
| Phimosis fih-MOH-sis | contraction of the foreskin of the penis, preventing it from being retracted |
| Prostatolith pros-TAT-oh-lith | stone in the prostate |
| Prostatomegaly PROS-ta-toh-MEH-gah-lee | abnormal enlargement of the prostate |
| Prostatorrhea PROS-ta-toh-REE-ah | discharge from the prostate |
| Seminoma SEM-ih-NOH-mah | type of testicular cancer arising from sperm-forming tissue |
| Spermatocele sper-MAH-toh-SEEL | hernia or distention of the epididymis caused by sperm cells |
| Spermatolysis SPER-mah-TAW-lih-sis | destruction of sperm cells |
| Digital rectal exam (DRE) | examination of the prostate using a finger inserted into the rectum |
| Ejaculation | emission of semen in the urethra |
| Gonads | pair of organs used for sexual reproduction; in males, they are the testicles, and in females, they are the ovaries |
| Spermatogenesis sper-MAT-oh-JIN-eh-sis | creation of sperm |
| Vas deferens VAS DEH-frenz | vessel carrying sperm from the testicles |
| Cystogram SIS-toh-gram | image of the bladder |
| Cystography sis-TAW-grah-fee | process for recording/imaging the bladder |
| Nephrogram NEF-roh-gram | image of a kidney |
| Nephrography neh-FRAW-grah-fee | procedure for imaging a kidney |
| Pyelogram PAI-el-oh-GRAM | image of the renal pelvis |
| Renal Angiogram | image of a kidney blood vessel |
| renal angiography | process of imaging a kidney blood vessel |
| Renal arteriogram REE-nal ar-TER-ee-oh-GRAM | image of a kidney artery |
| Retrograde pyelogram REH-troh-grayd PAI-el-oh-GRAM | image of the renal pelvis produced by injecting a contrast dye from the bladder to the kidney |
| Ultrasonography UL-trah-soh-NAW-grah-fee | imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves |
| Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) VOI-ding SIS-toh-yoo-REE-throh-GRAM | imaging procedure of the bladder and urethra produced during urination |
| Transrectal ultrasonography TRANZ-REK-tal UL-trah-soh-NAW-grah-fee | procedure using a probe inserted into the rectum using high-frequency sound waves to scan through the rectum to nearby tissue (most commonly, the prostate) |
| Urethrogram yoo-REE-throh-GRAM | image of the urethra |
| Cystitis sis-TAI-tis | inflammation of the bladder |
| Cystocele SIS-toh-seel | hernia of the bladder |
| Cystolith SIS-toh-lith | stone in the bladder |
| Cystoptosis sis-TOP-toh-sis | downward displacement of the bladder |
| Cystospasm SIS-toh-SPAZ-um | involuntary contraction of the bladder |
| Cystoureteritis SIS-toh-yoo-REE-ter-AI-tis | inflammation of the bladder and ureter |
| Cystourethrocele SIS-toh-yoo-REE-throh-seel | hernia of the bladder and urethra |
| Glomerulonephritis gloh-MER-yoo-loh-neh-FRAI-tis | inflammation of the kidneys involving primarily the glomeruli |
| Glomerulopathy gloh-MER-yoo-LAW-pah-thee | disease of the kidney involving primarily the glomeruli |
| Glomerulosclerosis gloh-MER-yoo-loh-skleh-ROH-sis | hardening of the glomeruli |
| Hydronephrosis HAI-droh-neh-FROH-sis | kidney condition caused by obstruction of urine flow |
| Lithonephritis LIH-troh-neh-FRAI-tis | inflammation of the kidneys caused by stones |
| Nephritis neh-FRAI-tis | inflammation of the kidney |
| Nephrocele NEH-froh-seel | hernia of a kidney |
| Nephrohypertrophy NEH-froh-hai-PER-troh-fee | overdevelopment of the kidney |
| Nephrolithiasis NEH-froh-lih-THAI-ah-sis | presence of stones in the kidney |
| Nephromalacia NEH-froh-mah-LAY-shah | abnormal softening of a kidney |
| Nephromegaly NEH-froh-MEG-ah-lee | abnormal enlargement of a kidney |
| Nephropathy neh-FRAW-pah-thee | any kidney disease |
| Nephroptosis NEH-frop-TOH-sis | downward displacement of a kidney |
| Nephrosclerosis NEH-froh-skleh-ROH-sis | abnormal hardening of a kidney |
| Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) PAW-lee-SIS-tik KID-nee dih-ZEEZ | disease characterized by the formation of cysts in the kidneys |
| Pyelitis PAI-el-AI-tis | inflammation of the renal pelvis |
| Pyelocystitis PAI-el-oh-sis-TAI-tis | inflammation of the renal pelvis and bladder |
| Pyelocystostomosis PAI-el-oh-SIS_toh-staw-MOH-sis | creating of an opening between the renal pelvis and bladder |
| Pyelonephritis PAI-el-oh-neh-FRAI-tis | inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis |
| Pyelopathy PAI-el-AW-pah-thee | disease of the renal pelvis |
| Pyeloureterectasia PAI-el-oh-yoo-REE-ter-ek-TAY-zhah | dilation of the renal pelvis and ureter |
| Pyonephritis PAI-oh-neh-FRAI-tis | inflammation of the kidney caused by pus |
| Pyonephrolithiasis PAI-oh-NEH-froh-lih-THAI-ah-sis | presence of pus and stones in the kidney |
| Pyopyeloectasis PAI-oh-PAI-el-oh-EK-tah-sis | Pus in a dilated renal pelvis |
| Renal failure | kidney failure |
| Renal ischemia REE-nal ih-SKEE-mee-ah | deficiency of blood in kidney |
| Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) | loss of bladder control caused by the application of external pressure |
| Ureteritis yoo-REE-ter-AI-tis | inflammation of a ureter |
| Ureteropyelitis yoo-REE-ter-oh-PAI-el-AI-tis | inflammation of a ureter and renal pelvis |
| Ureteropyelonephritis yoo-REE-ter-oh-PAI-el-oh-neh-FRAI-tis | inflammation of a kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter |
| Urethritis yoo-ree-THRAI-tis | inflammation of the urethra |
| Urethrocystitis yoo-REE-throh-sis-TAI-tis | inflammation of the urethra and bladder |
| Urinary tract infection | infection of the urinary tract |
| Uropathy yur-AW-pah-thee | disease of the urinary tract |
| Vesicocele VES-ih-koh-SEEL | hernia of the bladder |
| Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) VES-ih-koh-yoo-REE-ter-al-REE-fluks | abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back into the ureters |
| Balanitis bal-ah-NAI-tis | inflammation of the penis |
| Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) | noncancerous overdevelopment of the prostate, also known as enlarged prostate |
| Epididymitis EP-ih-DID-ih-MAI-tis | inflammation of the epididymis |
| Epididymo-orchitis EP-ih-DID-ih-moh-or-KAI-tis | inflammation of the testicles and epididymis |
| Orchiditis OR-kih-DAI-tis | inflammation of the testicles |
| Orchiepididymitis OR-kee-EP-ih-DID-ih-MAI-tis | inflammation of the testicles and epididymis |
| Orchiopathy OR-kee-AW-pah-thee | disease of the testicles |
| Orchitis or-KAI-tis | inflammation of the testicles |
| Prostatitis PRAWS-tah-TAI-tis | inflammation of the prostate |
| Prostatocystitis PROS-ta-toh-sis-TAI-tis | inflammation of the prostate and bladder |
| Prostatovesiculitis PROS-ta-toh-veh-SIK-yoo-LAI-tis | inflammation of the prostate and vesicles |
| Testitis tes-TAI-tis | inflammation of a testicle |
| Varicocele VAR-ih-koh-SEEL | overexpansion of the blood vessels of the testicles, leading to a soft tumor |
| Cystoma sis-TOH-mah | tumor of the bladder |
| Hypernephroma HAI-per-neh-FROH-mah | another name for renal cell carcinoma |
| Nephroma neh-FROH-ma | kidney tumor |
| Renal cell carcinoma | cancer of the kidneys |
| Seminoma SEM-ih-NOH-mah | type of testicular cancer arising from sperm-forming tissue |
| Testicular carcinoma | testicular cancer |
| Chlamydia | sexually transmitted disease characterized by genital discharge and painful urination, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis |
| Gonorrhea | a sexually transmitted disease characterized by discharge from the gonads, caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| Herpes simplex virus (HSV) | a family of highly contagious viruses that effect mucous membranes and produce watery blisters that eventually scab over |
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | a disease that compromises a patient's immune system leaving them open to other opportunistic infections. The late stage of this disease is referred to as AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) |
| Human papilloma virus (HPV) | a virus that can cause warts and precancerous lesions in genital areas |
| Syphilis | a sexually transmitted disease characterized at first by skin irritations then later developing into neurological and heart symptoms, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum |
| Trichomoniasis tri-koh-moh-NAI-ah-sis | a sexually transmitted disease characterized by genital itching, painful urination, and genital discharge, caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis |
| Antispasmodic | drug used to prevent spasms |
| Diuretic | agent that causes urination |
| nephrotoxin | agent poisonous to the kidney |
| Spermicide | agent that kills sperm |
| Spermolytic | agent that kills sperm |
| Cystectomy | surgical removal of the bladder |
| Cystolithectomy | surgical removal of a stone in the bladder |
| Cystostomy | creation of an opening in the bladder |
| Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) | a breakdown of kidney stones using sound waves generated outside the body |
| Fulguration | use of electric current to destroy tissue |
| Heminephrectomy | surgical removal of half a kidney |
| Hemodialysis | procedure for removing waste from the bloodstream |
| Heminephroureterectomy HEH-mee-neh-froh-yoo-REE-ter-EK-toh-mee | surgical removal of half a kidney and ureter |
| Intracorporeal lithotripsy | breakdown of kidney stones using sound waves placed inside the body |
| Kidney dialysis | procedure for removing waste from the blood (shorter name for hemodialysis) |
| Laparonephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen |
| Lithectomy | surgical removal of a stone |
| LIthocystotomy | incision into the bladder to remove a stone |
| Lithonephrotomy | incision into a kidney to remove a stone |
| Lithotripsy | breakdown of a stone |
| Meatoplasty mee-AT-toh-PLAS-tee | surgical reconstruction of the opening of the urethra |
| Meatorrhaphy MEE-ah-TOR-ah-phy | suture of the opening of the urethra |
| Meatotomy MEE-ah-TAW-toh-mee | incision into the opening of the urethra |
| Nephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen |
| Nephrocystanastomosis NEH-froh-SIST-ah-NAS-tah-MOH-sis | opening of a passageway between kidney and the bladder |
| Nephrolithotomy | incision into a kidney to remove a stone |
| Nephropexy | surgical fixation of a kidney |
| Nephrorrhaphy neh-FROR-ah-fee | suture of a kidney |
| Nephrostomy | creation of an opening in a kidney |
| Nephrotomy | incision into a kidney |
| Nephroureterectomy | surgical removal of a kidney and a ureter |
| Pyelolithotomy PAI-el-oh-lih-THAW-toh-mee | incision into a renal pelvis to remove a stone |
| Pyeloplasty PAI-el-oh-PLAS-tee | surgical reconstruction of a renal pelvis |
| Pyelostomy PAI-el-AW-stoh-mee | creation of an opening into a renal pelvis |
| Pyelotomy PAI-el-AW-toh-mee | incision into a renal pelvis |
| Renal angioplasty | surgical reconstruction of a kidney blood vessel |
| Ureteroileostomy yoo-REE-ter-oh-IL-ee-AWS-toh-mee | uretero = ureter, ileo- ileum creation of an opening between a ureter and the ileum (portion of small intestines) |
| Ureteronephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney and ureter |
| Ureteroplasty | surgical reconstruction of a ureter |
| Ureterorrhaphy yoo-REE-ter-OR-ah-fee | suture of a ureter |
| Urethrectomy | surgical removal of the urethra |
| Urethropexy | surgical fixation of the urethra |
| Urethroplasty | surgical reconstruction of the urethra |
| Urethrotomy | incision into the urethra |
| Urinary catheterization | insertion of a catheter into the bladder to drain urine |
| Urostomy | creation of an opening in the urinary tract; normally to divert urine flow away from a diseased bladder |
| Vesicotomy | incision into the bladder |
| Balanoplasty BAL-ah-noh-PLAS-tee | surgical reconstruction of the penis |
| Circumcision | surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis |
| Epididymectomy EP-ih-DID-ih-MEK-toh-mee | surgical removal of the epididymis |
| Epididymotomy | incision into the epididymis |
| Hydrocelectomy HAI-droh-seel-EK-toh-mee | surgical removal of a hydrocele |
| Orchidectomy | surgical removal of a testicle |
| Orchidopexy | surgical fixation of a testicle |
| Orchidotomy | incision into a testicle |
| Orchiectomy | surgical removal of a testicle |
| Orchiopexy | surgical fixation of a testicle |
| Orchioplasty | surgical reconstruction of a testicle |
| Prostatectomy | surgical removal of the prosate |
| Prostatolithotomy | incision into the prostate to remove a stone |
| Prostatovesiculectomy | surgical removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles |
| Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) | procedure of removing all or part of the prostate by the insertion of a resectoscope into the urethra |
| Vasectomy | surgical removal of vas deferens |
| Vesiculectomy | surgical removal of the seminal vesicles |
| BUN | blood urea nitrogen |
| Bx | bipsy |
| Cath | catheter |
| ESWL | extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy |
| HD | hemodialysis |
| I&O | intake and output |
| IVP | intravenous pyelogram |
| IVU | intravenous urogram |
| KUB | kidneys, ureters, bladder |
| OAB | overactive bladder |
| PKD | polycystic kidney disease |
| RP | retrograde pyelogram |
| SUI | stress urinary incontinence |
| UA | urinalysis |
| UTI | urinary tract infection |
| VCUG | voiding cystourethogram |
| VUR | vesicoureteral reflux |
| AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| BPH | benign prostate hyperplasia |
| DRE | digital rectal exam |
| ED | erectile dysfunction |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| HPV | human papilloma virus |
| HSV | herpes simplex virus |
| PSA | prostate-specific antigen |
| STD/STI | sexually transmitted disease / sexually transmitted infection |
| TURP |
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