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SOCY-121 Chapter 1
The Sociological Imagination: An Introduction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sociology | the study of human society |
| Sociological Imagination | the ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects of an individual's life to seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces |
| Social Institution | a complex group of interdependent positions that, together, perform a social role and reproduce themselves over time; also defined in a narrow sense as any institution in a society that works to shape the behavior of the groups of people within it |
| Verstehen | german for "understanding" the concept comes from Max Weber and is the basis of interpretive sociology in which researchers imagine themselves experiencing the life positions of the social actors they want to understand rather than treating those people a |
| Anomie | a sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be redictable; too little social regulation; normlessness |
| Positivist Sociology | a strain within sociology that believes the social world can be described and predicted by certain observable relationships (akin to social physics) |
| Double Consciousness | a concept conceived by WEB Du Bois to describe the two behavioral scripts, one for moving through the world and the other incorporating the external opinions of prejudiced onlookers, which are constantly maintained by African Americans |
| Functionalism | the theory that various social institutions and processes in society exist to serve some important (or necessary) function to keep society running |
| Conflict Theory | the idea that conflict between competing interests is the basic, animating force of social change and society in general |
| Symbolic Interactionism | a micro-level theory in which shared meaning, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions |
| Postmodernism | condition characterized by a questioning of the notion of progress and history, the replacement of narrative within pastiche, and multiple, perhaps even conflicting , identities resulting from disjointed affiliations |
| Social Construction | an entity that exists because people behave as if it exists and whose existence is perpetuated as people and social institutions act in accordance with the widely agreed-on formal rules or informal norms of behavior associated with that entity |
| Midrange Theory | a theory that attempts to predict how certain social institutions tend to function |
| Microsociology | a branch of sociology that seeks to understand local interactional contexts; its methods of choice are ethnographic, generally including participant observation and in-depth interviews |
| Macrosociology | a branch of sociology generally concerned with social dynamics at a higher level of analysis-that is across the breadth of a society |
| Harriet Marineau | 1802-1876; first to translate Comte to English, wrote Society in America (parents have to much control in education,) How to Observe Morals and Manners (women are inferior in marriage) first feminist |
| Founding Fathers of Sociology | Karl Mark, Max Weber, Emile Durkheim ( &George Simmel) |
| Marxism | ideological alternative to capitalism |
| Karl Marx | Historian, believed it was primarily conflicts between classes that drove social change in history; insead of using technology to master the world, people became slaves to it to make a living. Each man according to his abilities, to each according to his |
| Max Weber | Brought ideas back into history (Economy and Society), believe protestant religion laid groundwork for capitalism by upending medieval ethic of poverty and replacing with ideology of riches...Verstehen |
| Emile Durkheim | He wanted to know how society holds together and how modern capitalism and industrialization have transformed the ways people relate. (The Division of Labor in Society), degree jobs are specialized...the degree to which our lives follow routines |
| Georg Simmel | Established formal sociology (of ure numbers) Example: fundamental differences between groups |
| WEB Du Bois | First African American to receive PhD from Harvard, sociologist; double consiousness |
| Jane Addams | Founded Hull House (the first American settlement house for poor through community center, staffed by students, offered educational services and aid for sports and arts) |
| Talcott Parsons | Functionalism in a society |
Created by:
ambermaclean12
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