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Medical/Surgical

MEDOP 230- Orthopedics: Medical and Surgical Procedures

TypeTermDefinitionNote
Medical Cast A layer of plaster or fiberglass applied around a fractured bone to immobilize the bone as it heals.
Medical Closed reduction A procedure in which bone ends in a displaced fracture are manually manipulated back into place often followed with a cast.
Medical Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) A procedure that uses sound waves outside of the body to break up bone spurs and treat tendinitis.
Medical Goniometry A procedure that measures the angle of a joint and its range of motion.
Medical Orthosis An orthopedic device like a brace or splint that is used to keep a body part straight and immobile.
Medical Physical therapy Exercise that improves a patient’s range of motion, joint mobility, strength, and balance. •Active exercises are done by the patient. •Passive exercises are done by the therapist.
Medical Prosthesis An orthopedic device like a leg or arm that is created for a patient following an amputation.
Medical Traction A procedure that uses weight to pull the bone ends of a fracture into correct alignment. •Skin traction uses wraps or straps.• Skeletal traction uses surgically inserted pins or wires
Surgical Amputation Removal of all or part of an extremity damaged by trauma or disease. •Below the knee (BKA) = performed at the level of the tibia and fibula•Above the knee (AKA) = performed at the level of the femur
Surgical Arthrocentesis Removal of accumulated fluid from an injured joint using a needle inserted in the joint space.
Surgical Arthrodesis Fusion of bones in a deteriorated, unstable joint.
Surgical Arthroscopy Visualization of the inside of a joint using an arthroscope inserted into the joint.
Surgical Bone graft Replacement of bone severely damaged due to bone cancer. •Autograft = patient’s own bone•Allograft = cadaver bone
Surgical Bunionectomy Removal of a bunion that has formed on the metatarsal bone at the base of the great toe.
Surgical Cartilage transplantation Replacement of damaged cartilage in active middle-aged adults alternative to knee replacement.
Surgical External fixation an external device is placed on the bone and secured with metal pins that immobilize the fracture. Treatment for complicated fractures
Surgical Joint replacement surgery Replacement of a joint destroyed by trauma or osteoarthritis with a metal or plastic prosthesis. •In the hip, this is total hip replacement (THR).•The head of the patient’s femur is removed and replaced.•A cup replaces the patient’s acetabulum.
Surgical Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) Treatment for a complicated fracture. •In open reduction, an incision is made at the fracture site and the bone pieces are realigned.•In the internal fixation, screws and plates are used to hold the bone in anatomical alignment.
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