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Diseases of muscle

MEDOP 230- Orthopedics: Diseases of the muscles

TermDefinitionNote
Atrophy Loss of bulk in one or more muscles.
Avulsion Condition in which a muscle tears away from a tendon or a tendon tears away from a bone.
Compartment syndrome Condition in which severe injury causes bleeding and the fascia acts as a compartment, holding in accumulated blood and placing pressure on surrounding tissues.
Contracture Condition in which a muscle becomes progressively more flexed and eventually “sticks” in a nearly immovable position.
Fibromyalgia Condition associated with pain at specific trigger points in the muscles of the neck, hips, and back.
Hyperextension‒hyperflexion injury Injury that occurs when a person’s head snaps backward and then forward in response to a sudden change in speed. •Associated with car accidents.•Involves muscle strain, muscle tear, and/or nerve damage.•Also called acceleration–deceleration injury or whiplash.
Muscle contusion Bleeding inside a muscle due to blunt trauma also called a bruise
Muscle spasm Painful but temporary condition in which a muscle suddenly, severely, and involuntary contracts. •Commonly called a muscle cramp.•Known as torticollis when it occurs in the neck.
Muscle strain Overstretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon also called a pulled muscle.
Muscular dystrophy (MD) Group of muscle diseases caused by a mutation in the gene for the protein dystrophin. •Without dystrophin, muscles progressively weaken and atrophy.•Most common form is Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy.
Myalgia Pain in a muscle due to injury or muscle disease .•General category with many causes.•Polymyalgia is pain in several muscle groups.
Myasthenia gravis Autoimmune disorder in which the body produces antibodies against acetylcholine receptors on the muscle fibers. •Destruction of receptors causes abnormal, rapid muscle fatigue.•Weakness worsens during the day but is relieved by rest.
Myopathy General category that includes many different muscle diseases.
Myositis Inflammation of a muscle with localized swelling or tenderness; caused by injury, strain, or disease. •Polymyositis involves widespread inflammation with weakness and fatigue.•Dermatomyositis involves skin rash and other symptoms of myositis
Repetitive strain injury (RSI) Injury to muscles, tendons, and/or nerves resulting from repetitive movements over an extended period of time also called cumulative trauma disorder.
Rhabdomyoma A benign tumor of the muscle.
Rhabdomyosarcoma Cancerous tumor of the muscle usually found in children and young adults.
Rotator cuff tear A tear in the rotator muscles of the shoulder that surround the humerus usually occurs from trauma or repetitive overuse.
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