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Unit 4
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Albumin | Protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood |
| Antibody | A specific protein produced by the lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, and other antigens |
| Antigen | A substance that stimulates production of an antibody |
| Basophil | White blood cell that contains granules that stain blue |
| Bilirubin | Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by breakdown of hemoglobin when RBC's are destroyed |
| Coagulation | Blood Clotting |
| Colony- Stimulating Hormone (CSF) | Protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells |
| Differentiation | The change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization |
| Electrophoresis | A method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge |
| Eosinophil | White blood cell that contains granules that satin red |
| Erythroblast | Immature red blood cell |
| Erythrocyte | A red blood cell |
| Erythropoietin (EPO) | Hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation |
| Fibrin | Protein that forms the basis of a blood clot |
| Fibrinogen | Plasma protein that is converted into fibrin in the clotting process |
| Globulin | Plasma protein |
| Granulocyte | White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules |
| Hematopoietic Stem Cell | A cell in bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells |
| Hemoglobulin | Blood protein containing iron and carries oxygen in red blood cells |
| Heparin | An anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells |
| Immune reaction | Response of the immune system to foreign invasion |
| Immunoglobulin | Antibodies secreted by plasma cells in response to the presense of an antigen |
| Leukocyte | A white blood cell |
| Lymphocyte | Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies |
| Macrophage | Monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces and as a phagocyte which engulfs foreign material and debris; it destroys worn out RBC's |
| Megakaryocyte | Large platelets precursor cell found in the bone marrow |
| Monocyte | Leukocyte with one large nucleolus that engulfs foreign material and debris; becomes a macrophage |
| Mononuclear | Pertaining to cell (leukocyte) with single round nucleus |
| myeloblast | Immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes |
| Neutrophil | granulocytic leukocyte formed in the bone marrow; polymorphonuclear |
| Plasma | Liquid portion of blood and it contains water, proteins, salt, nutrients, lipids, hormones, and vitamins |
| Plasmapheresis | Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge |
| Platelet | a small blood fragment important in clotting |
| Polymorphonuclear | Pertaining to a white blood cell with multi-shaped nucleus; neutrophil |
| Prothrombin | plasma protein that's converted to thrombin in the process of clotting |
| Reticulocyte | Immature erythrocyte |
| RH Factor | Antigen on red blood cells on Rh positive individules |
| Serum | plasma minus clotting proteins and cells |
| Stem cell | unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms |
| Thrombin | Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation |
| Thrombocyte | platelets |
| Adaptive immunity | Ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them |
| Adenoids | Protein produced by b cells to destroy antigens |
| Axillary nodes | lymph nodes in the arm pit |
| B cell (B lymphocyte) | Lymphocyte that matures into plasma cell to secrete antibodies |
| Cell- mediated immunity | T cells that respond to antigens and destroy them |
| Cervical Nodes | Lymph nodes in the neck |
| Complement System | Proteins in the blood that help antibodies and kill their target |
| Cytokines | Proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to and aid in antigen destruction |
| Cytotoxic T cell (CD8 + Tcell) | Lymphocyte that directly kills antigens |
| Dendritic Cell | Antigen Presenting cell; shows T and B cells what to attack |
| Helper T Cells (CD4 + T cell) | Lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cell |
| Humoral Immunity | B cells Produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type adaptive immunity |
| Immunity | Bodies ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs |
| immunotherapy | use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease |
| Inguinal Nodes | Lymph nodes in the groin area |
| Interferons | Proteins secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response |
| Interleukins | Proteins that stimulate the growth of B and T cells |
| Interstitial Fluid | Fluid in the spaces between cells that become lymph in lymph capillaries |
| Lymph | Thin, watery fluid within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body |
| Lymph capillaries | Tiniest lymphatic vessel |
| Lymphoid Organs | Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland |
| Lymph Nodes | collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels |
| Lymphatic Vessel | Carrier of lymph throughout the body |
| Mediastinal Nodes | Lymph Nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic cavity |
| Mesenteric Nodes | Lymph nodes in the mesentery |
| Monoclonal Antibody | An antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells |
| Natural Immunity | Protection that an individual is born with to fight infection |
| Paraaortic Nodes | Lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar area of the body |
| Plasma cell | Lymphocyte that secretes antibodies which mature from B Cells |
| Right Lymphatic Duct | Vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body which empties into the large neck vein |
| Spleen | Organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that destroys worn out RBC's, activates lymphocytes and stores blood |
| Suppressor T Cell (Treg) | Lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells |
| T Cell | Lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produces chemicals toxic to antigens |
| Tolerance | Ability of T cells to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as "self" or Friendly |
| Thoracic Duct | Drains Lymph from the lower neck and left side of the body then empties it into the large vein |
| Thymus Gland | Lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that condition T cells to react to foreign Cells |
| Tonsils | Masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx |
| Toxin | Poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals or plants |
| Vaccination | Exposure of an individual to an antigen that provokes an immune response that will destroy any cell with the antigen and will protect against infection |
| Vaccine | Weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease |
Created by:
ElinorW.
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