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squint/ strabismus

basic defination

QuestionAnswer
strabismus misalignment of visual axis of 2 eyes.
visual axis imaginary line which joins object of interest to fovea centralis
classification of strabismus 1. pseudo squint./ apparent squint: no actual squint but seems like squint, prominent epicanthal folds, widely separated eyes 2. latent squint 3. manifest squint
latent squint/heterophoria misalignment of eye , but kept latent by fusion mechanism
types of heterophoria: 1. esophoria: hypermetropia( horizontal enlargement)medial movement of eyeball, increase accommodation and convergence 2. exophoria: myopes, lateral movement of eyeball, decreased requirement for accommodation and convergence
clinical features of latent squint headache, eye ache change in focus photophobia intermittent diplopia intermediate squint blurring and crowding of words
tests for heterophoria AC/A ratio assessment of visual acuity assessment of binocular single vision cycloplegic refraction cover-uncover tests
treatment of heterophoria correction of refractive error orthoptic exercises prisms in spectacles last resort surgical option
manifest squint/ heterotropia types
Created by: Arwa Rafique
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