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Diseases of Adrenal

MEDOP 230- Endocrinology: Diseases of adrenal cortex/medulla

LocationTermDefinitonNote
Adrenal cortex Hyperaldosteronism Condition in which hypersecretion of aldosterone causes reabsorption of large amounts of sodium and water from the kidneys into the blood this results in hypertension, electrolyte imbalance, and weakness.
Adrenal cortex Hyperaldosteronism Condition in which hyposecretion of aldosterone causes a low level of sodium in the blood this results in dizziness, weakness, and decreased blood pressure.
Adrenal cortex Cushing syndrome Condition in which hypersecretion of cortisol stimulates the liver to convert too much glycogen to glucose; this elevates blood glucose levels and results in rapid weight gain. • Fat deposits develop in the abdomen, face, and upper back. • Thinning of connective tissue causes red cheeks and abdominal striae. • Decreased protein synthesis leads to muscle wasting and weakness.
Adrenal cortex Addison disease Condition in which hyposecretion of cortisol leads to low blood glucose, fatigue, weight loss, and decreased ability to tolerate stress, disease, or surgery the skin also develops an unusual bronzed color.
Adrenal cortex Adrenogenital syndrome Condition in which hypersecretion of androgens causes alterations in sexual characteristics. • In girls, the clitoris and labia enlarge to resemble a penis and scrotum. • In boys, precocious puberty occurs. • In adult females, hypersecretion leads to virilism, amenorrhea, and excessive dark hair on the forearms and face.
Adrenal medulla Pheochromocytoma Condition in which hypersecretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine causes heart palpitations, severe sweating, headaches, and severe hypertension that can lead to stroke caused by an adrenal adenoma with a gray-tan appearance.
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