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Psych 350: Exam 2
Learning & Memory
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Habituation | Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. Allows the children to learn - focus on new stimuli |
Example of Habituation | Baby is shown the same photo 5 times. Each time, her attention is grabbed less and less. |
Classical Conditioning | Repeated pairings of stimuli and their responses. |
Example of classical conditioning | Little Albert. Child is shown a white rabbit (US) which is paired with a loud sound (NS). Child learns to fear the rabbit. |
Operant conditioning | Learning behavior through ourselves and consequences. (as early as 2 months old) |
Example of operant conditioning | Childs foot is attached to crib mobile. As he moves his foot, the mobile moves and he learns that motion. |
Statistical learning | Infants are sensitive to statistically predictive patterns. |
Example of statistical learning | Infants understand the probability of one object showing up after another ( 2 months) |
Observational Learning | Mimic behavior without reward |
Types of imitation - direct | Immediate |
Types of imitation - differed | Not immediate |
Ferberization | Train baby to not expect parent every time it cries |
Garcia Effect | A rat would associate a taste, but not a light or sound, with illness. In contrast, pain could be associated only with a visual or auditory cue, not a taste. Food aversions |
Infantile Amnesia | no memory from before 3 years old |
Explanation of Infantile Amnesia 1 | Repressing traumatic events such as breast-feeding or diapers |
Explanation of Infantile Amnesia 2 | Mylenization of neural tissue leads to poor information processing. |