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Nutrition Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nutrition | The sum of all processes involved in how organisms obtain nutrients, metabolize them, and use them to support all of life’s processes. |
| Nutritional science | The investigation of how an organism is nourished, and how nourishment affects personal health, population health, and planetary health. |
| Health | A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. |
| Disease | Any abnormal condition that affects the health of an organism and is characterized by specific signs and symptoms. |
| Nutrients | Substances required by the body that must be obtained from the diet. |
| Essential Nutrients | It must be obtained from diet because the body cannot make it or cannot make it in sufficient quantity to meet its needs. |
| Macronutrients | Nutrients that are needed in large amounts. Includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water. |
| Carbohydrates | Organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. There are two basic forms: simple sugars and complex sugars. |
| Lipids | A family of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are insoluble in water. The three main types of lipids are triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols. |
| Proteins | Macromolecules composed of chains of organic monomeric subunits, called amino acids. Amino acids are simple monomers composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. |
| Micronutrients | Nutrients needed in smaller amounts. Includes vitamins and minerals. |
| Scientific method | The process of inquiry that involves making an observation, coming up with a hypothesis, conducting a test of that hypothesis, evaluating results, gathering more supporting evidence, and coming up with a conclusion. |
| Epidemiological studies | Scientific investigations that define frequency, distribution, and patterns of health events in a population. |
| Interventional clinical trial studies | Scientific investigations in which a variable is changed between groups of people. |
| Randomized clinical interventional trial studies | Scientific investigations which incorporate a change in the variable being tested between groups of people and are therefore capable of determining a causal relationship. |
| Genes | The sequences of DNA that code for all the proteins in your body. |
| Genome | Entire genetic information contained in an individual which is inherited from their parents. |
| Nutrigenomics | An emerging scientific discipline that studies how nutrients affect gene expression and how genes affect our nutritional requirements. |
| Epigenetics | A rapidly advancing scientific field, in which researchers study how non-gene factors affect gene expression. |
| Life cycle | The stages of life one passes through until death. |
| Socioeconomic status | A measurement dependent on three variables; income, occupation, and education. |
| Nutrient dense | having a high amount of nutrients relative to the number of calories. |
| Dietary Supplement | a product that contains an ingredient intended to supplement the diet and are not considered food, including vitamins, minerals, herbs, or other botanicals. |
| Risk Factor | Anything that increases the likelihood of injury, disease, or other heatlh problems. |
| Control Group | in an experiment, the group not exposed to the treatment contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment. |
| Confounding variable | factor other than the one being tested that could influence the results of the study. |
| Metabolism | chemical reactions to the cells of the body that change food into energy. |
| Calorie | a unit of heat used to measure the energy your body uses and the energy it receives from food. |
| Lifestyle | Components of lifestyle are dietary habits, physical activity level, recreational drug use, and sleeping patterns, all of which play a role in health and impact nutrition. |
| Ecosystem | The biological and physical environments and their interactions with the community of organisms that inhabit it, and the interactions among the organisms. |
| Sustainability | Describes the variety of approaches aimed at improving our way of life. Sustainability promotes the development of conditions under which people and nature can interact harmoniously. It is based upon the principle that everything needed for human surviva |
| Sustainable food system | A system that can meet the needs of the current generation while providing food for generations to come without negatively impacting the environment. |
| Food security | A state in which all persons in a community’s population obtain a nutritionally adequate diet that is culturally acceptable throughout the year; that is not dependent on emergency aid sources, but more so from local production. |
| Food desert | A location that does not provide access to affordable nutritious food. |
Created by:
karolyn15
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