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Chp 10-Nervous Sys 1
Nerves: Davi-Ellen Chabner The Language of Medicine 8th Edition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Microscopic, individual nerve cell: | Neuron |
| Macroscopic bundles of neurons: | Nerves |
| Nerves carry _________ messages. | Electrical |
| Stimuli (External & Internal) activate cell membranes of nerve cells in order to... | release stored electrical energy within the cells. |
| Energy released & passed through the length of the nerve cell is called the | Nervous impulse. |
| External receptor are _____ organs. | Sense |
| Two major divisions of nervous system: | Central Nervous System (CNS) & Peripheral Nervous System. |
| The Peripheral Nervous System consists of these four things: | Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, plexuses & peripheral nerves throughout the body. |
| The CNS consists of these two things: | Brain & spinal cord. |
| Cranial nerves carry impulses between the: | Brain and head/neck. Except the 10th (vagus) nerve. |
| The 10th cranial nerve is called ______ & carries messages to and from the _______, _____, & _____. | Vagus nerve. Mesagges between neck, chest, & abdomen. |
| Spinal nerves carry messages between the ________ and the _____, _____, & _____. | Spinal cord, chest, abdomen, extremities. |
| Cranial nerves 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 | 1.Olfactory (smell) 2.Optic (vision)3. Oculomotor (eye movement) 4. Abducens (em) 6. Trochlear (em). |
| Cranial nerves 5, 7, 8 | 5. Trigeminal (forehead/scalp sensation, cheek sensation, chewing) 7. Facial (face/scalp movement, taste, ear sensation) 8. Vestibulocochlear (hearing, balance). |
| Cranial nerves 9, 11, 12 | Glossopharyngeal (tongue/throat sensation, throat movement), Accessory (swallowing, head/shoulder movement), Hypoglossal (speech, swallowing). |
| Carry messages TO the brain: _____ nerves. | Sensory / afferent |
| Carry messages FROM the brain: _____ nerves. | Motor / efferent |
| Mixed nerves carry both _____ & _____ fibers. | Sensory & motor |
| Sense receptors: | Sight (eye), hearing/balance (ear), smell (olfactory. |
| Cranial/spinal nerves are mainly ________, involving sensations of ____(5). | Voluntary; smell, taste, sight, hearing, muscle movement. |
| Peripheral nerves are primarily _____, part of the ________ nervous system. | Involuntary, autonomic. |
| Efferent nerves carry messages away from the CNS to the | glands, heart, blood vessels, & involuntary muscles found in the walls of tubes (intestines, hollow organs). |
| Autonomic nerves can be _____ nerves or _____ nerves. | Sympathetic, parasympathetic. |
| Sympathetic nerves _____ the body. Heart rate is ________, Airways are _____Blood pressure is _____Adrenal glands stimulate _____ Intestinal processes _____ | Stimulate. Heart rate is increased, Airways are dilated to allow more O2,Blood pressure is increased,Adrenal glands stimulate epinephrine (adrenaline), Intestinal processes inhibited, slowing digestion. |
| Parasympathetic nerves ________ the sympatheitc nerves. Heart rate is ____, Contract ____, BP is ____, stimulate peristalsis to _____, secretions are ____: | Balance. Heart rate is slowed, Contract pupils, lower BP, stimulate peristalsis to clear the rectum, increase secretions like saliva. |
| Plexus | Large network of nerves in the PNS. |
| Plexus examples are: | Cervical (neck), Brachial (arm), Lumbosacral (back). |
| The peripheral nervous system includes: | Cranial nerves (12 pair); Spinal nerves (31 pair); Autonomic nerves: Parasympathetic nerves, Sympathetic nerves |
| Nerve impulse pathway: | Stimulus from dendrites, cell body (containing cell nucleus), ganglion, axon, leaves cell via terminal end fibers, jumps the synapse to the next neuron. |
| Branching fibers of neuron: | Dendrites |
| Ganglia (pl); ganglion (s) | Small collections of nerve cell bodies outside the brain/spinal cord. |
| Axons can be covered with a: | myelin sheath. |
| Myelin sheath are a _____ tissue, and appear _____ (color). | Fatty, white. |
| Parts of brain & spinal cord appear _____ because they are not covered by a _____ _____. | Gray, myelin sheath. |
| To jump a synapse, a _____ substance, called a _____, is released by the axon it is traveling (from/to)? | chemical, neurotransmitter, traveling from. |
| Examples of neurotransmitters: | Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine (adrenaline), dopamine, seratonin, endorphins. |
| Macroscopic structure in the nervous system, can be seen by the naked eye: | Nerve. |
| A nerve consists of: | A bundle of dendrites & axons, traveling together like rope. |
| _____ nerves from the peripheral nervous system carry impulses from the _____ organs to the _____ & _____. Examples are __(4). | Sensory/afferent, sense, brain, spinal cord. Skin, eye, ear, nose. |
| _____ nerves travel from the CNS to organs to produce a _____; organs such as muscles and glands. | Motor/efferent, response. |
| The essential work of the nervous system is done by the _____ & _____ by conducting impulses through the body; this is called the _____ tissue. | Neruons, nerves; parenchymal. |
| The _____ tissue of the nervous system has several types of specialized cells, collectively called the _____. | Stromal; glia/neuroglia. |
| The stromal tissues of the nervous system perform what functions? | Supportive, protective, connective tissue cells. Holds the nervous system together, wards of infection & injury via phagocytosis. |
| Engulfing waste products & foreign material is called: | Phagocytosis |
| Glial cells do/do not transmit impluses. | Do not transmit impulses. |
| There are far more neurons than glial cells, or more glial cells than neurons? | More glial cells. |
| Glial cells can/can not reproduce. | Can reproduce. |
| Four types of supporting/glial (neuroglial) cells are: | Astrocytes (astroglial cells), Microglial cells, Oligodendroglial cells (oligodendrocytes), & Ependymal cells. |
| _____ (type of glial cells): Star like, transport water & salts between capillaries & neurons. | Astrocytes / astroglial cells. (astr/o = star). |
| _____ (type of glial cells): Small cells with many branching processes. As phagocytes, they protect neurons in response to inflammation. | Microglial cells. |
| _____ (type of glial cells): Few (scanty) dendrites - form the myelin sheath. | Oligodendrocytes / oligodendroglial cells. |
| _____ (type of glial cells): Line membranes within the brain & spinal cord where CSF circulates. | Ependymal cells (ependyma = upper garment). |
| The protective barrier betweenthe blood and brain cells is called the: | Blood-brain barrier. |
| Associated with blood vessels & regulate passage of potentially harmful substances from the blood in the nerve cells of the brain. | Glial cells, especiall astrocytes. |
| Neurotransmitters are stored in _____ in the terminal end fibers of _____. | Vessicles, axons. |
| Neurotransmitters are picked up by receptors on the _____, and activity is ended by _____ when they have finished their jobs. | Dendrites, inactivators. |
Created by:
bethybb
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