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Chapter 3
musculoskeletal system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| compact bone | tightly solid bone tissue that forms the exterior of bones |
| cancellous bone | mesh-like bone tissue found in the interior of bones, and surrounding the medullary cavity |
| ankyl/o | crooked or stiff |
| sesamoid bones | round bones found near joints (e.g., the patella) |
| metaphysis | growth zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis during development of a long bone |
| periosteum | a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone |
| bursa | a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid |
| intervertebral discs | a flat, plate like structure composed of an outer fibrous part (annulus fibrosus) that surrounds a central gelatinous mass (nucleus pulpous) between the vertebrae that reduces friction |
| striated muscle | voluntary muscle attached to the skeleton; also called striated muscle |
| skeletal muscle | voluntary muscle attached to the skeleton; also called striated muscle |
| smooth muscle | involuntary muscle found in internal organs |
| cardiac muscle | Muscle of the heart |
| coronal plane (also known as frontal plane) | a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. |
| anterior | front of the body. also known as ventral |
| posterior-anterior (PA) | from back to front, as in reference to the direction of an x-ray beam |
| cephalic | situated above another structure, toward the head |
| caudal | situated below another structure, away from head. also known as interior |
| pronantion | turning of the palmar surface (palm of the hand) or plantar surface (sole of the foot) downward or backward |
| supination | turning of the the palmar surface (palm of the hand) or plantar surface (sole of the foot) upward or forward |
| goniometer | instrument used to measure joint angles |
| flaccis | flabby, relaxed, or having defective or absent muscle tone |
| myalgia | muscle pain also called myodynia |
| ostealgia | bone pain also called osteodynia |
| spastic | uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles, causing stiff and awkward movements (resembles spasm) |
| degenerative arthritis | most common form of arthritis, especially affecting the weight-bearing joints (e.g., knee or hip), characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage. also called osteoarthritis and degenerative joint disease (DJD) |
| gouty arthritis | acute attacks of arthritis, usually in a single joint (especially the great toe), caused by hyperuricemia (an excessive level of uric acid in the blood) |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | most crippling for of arthritis. characterized by chronic, systemic inflammation most often affecting joints and synovial membranes causing ankylosis and deformity |
| muscular dystrophy | a category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles; Duchenne type is most common |
| antipyretic | a drug that relieves fever |
| spondylolisthesis | forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra (listhesis = slipping) |
Created by:
mmendez11
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