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chapter 7
the endocrine system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adren/o adrenal/o | adrenal gland |
| gluc/o glucos/o glyc/o | glucose (sugar) |
| ket/o keton/o | ketone bodies |
| located on the superior surface of each kidney; the outer adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones, and the inner adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine; also called suprarenal glands | adrenal glands |
| glucocorticoids | hormones that regulate carbohydrate metabolism and have anti-inflammatory effects; cortisol is the most significant glucocorticoid |
| catecholamine | hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that affect the sympathetic nervous system in stress response |
| epinephrine | hormone that is secreted is secreted in response to fear or physical injury; also adrenaline |
| norepinephrine | hormone that is secreted in response to hypotension (low blood pressure) and physical stress |
| endocrine tissue within the pancreas (the organ located behind the stomach, in front of the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae); secretes insulin and glucagon; also called pancreatic islets | islets of Langerhans of the pancreas |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | hormone that initiating the growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates the secretions of estrogen in females and the production of sperm in males |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | hormone that causes ovulation; stimulates the secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum; causes the secretion of testosterone in the testes |
| prolactin (PRL) | hormone that stimulates breast development and milk production during pregnancy; also called lactogenic hormone |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | hormone released by the posterior pituitary that influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules; also called vasopressin |
| thymus | located in the mediastinum (partition between the lungs) anterior to and above the heart; secretes thymosin |
| calcitonin | hormones that regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism |
| insulin pump therapy | use of insulin delivery device that is worn on the body (usually the abdomen) and subcutaneously infuses doses of insulin programmed according to the individual needs of the diabetic patient; also called continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) |
| any of several agents used to control blood glucose levels in treatment of diabetes mellitus | antidiabetic drug |
| hormone replacement therapy (HRT) | treatment with a hormone to correct a hormonal deficiency (e.g., estrogen, testosterone, thyroid) |
| exophthalmos | protrusion of one or both eyeballs, often because of thyroid dysfunction or a tumor behind the eyeball. Also called exophthalmus. |
| hirsutism | excessive hair growth over the body, unusual places. |
| ketosis | an abnormal amount of ketone ( acetone, beta hyrdoxybutytric acid, and acetoacetic) bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal metabolism of carbohydrate such as in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation. Also called ketoacidosis |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| acromegaly | disease characterized by enlarged features, especially of the face and hands, caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary growth hormone after puberty, when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor |
| gigantism | a condition produced by hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood development that leads to an abnormal over growth of bone, especially of the long bones, most often caused by a pituitary tumor, also called gigantism. |
| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction, tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or inflammation |
| graves disease | the most common form of hyperthyroidism; caused by an autoimmune defect that creates antibodies that stimulate the over production of thyroid hormone, exophthalmos is a featured characteristic. |
| myxedema | advanced hypothyroidism in adults characterized by sluggishness, slow pulse, puffiness in the hands and face, and dry skin |
| infantile hypothyroidism | A condition caused by congenital hypothyroidism in children that results on a development disability and short physical stature, the thyroid is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed. |
Created by:
marlenim
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