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chapter 9

cardiovascular system

TermDefinition
angio/o vessel
ather/o fatty( lipid )paste
pector/o chest
phlebo/o ven/o vein
endocardium membrane lining the cavities of the heart
epicardium membrane forming the outer layer of the heart
myocardium heart muscle
interventricular septum partition between the right and left ventricles
intracardiac catheter ablation use of radiofrequency waves sent through a catheter within the heart to treat arrhythmias by selectively destroying myocardial tissue at sites that generate abnormal electrical pathways
diastole to expand; period during the cardiac cycle (complete heart beat) when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria
sinoatrial (sa) node the pacemaker; highly specialized, neurological tissue embedded in the wall of the right atrium; responsible for initiating electrical conduction of the heartbeat, causing the atria to contract and firing conduction of impulses to the atrioventricular
atrioventricular (av) bundle neurologic fibers extending from the AV node to the right and left bundle branches that fire the impulse from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers; also called bundle of His
purkinjie fibers fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles, causing them to contract
aneurysm a widening; bulging of the wall of an artery caused by a congenital defect or acquired weakness
polarization resting; resting state of a myocardial cell
arteriosclerosis thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification (hardening) of arterial walls
diaphoresis profuse sweating (perspiration)
ischemia decreased blood flow to tissue caused by obstruction or constriction of a blood vessel; to hold back blood
infarct a localized area of necrosis (dead tissue cells) caused by ischemia resulting from occlusion of a blood vessel; to stuff into
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) grafting of a portion of a blood vessel retrieved from another part of the body to bypass an occluded coronary artery, restoring circulation to myocardial tissue
endarterectomy surgical removal of the lining of an artery to clear a blockage caused by a clot or atherosclerotic plaque build up
cardioversion restoration of a fast of irregular heart rate to a normal rhythm, either by pharmaceuticals means or by delivery of electrical energy
implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) an implanted, battery-operated device with rate-sensing leads; the device monitors cardiac impulses and initiates an electrical stimulus as needed to stop ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents agents that inhibit responses to sympathetic adrenergic nerve activity, causing a slowing of electrical conduction and heart rate and a lowering of the pressure within the walls of the vessels
atrial flutter rapid regular atrial contractions occurring at rates between 250 and 330/minute
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus (a vessel that connects the left pulmonary artery with the descending aorta) to close after birth (patent = open)
atrial septal defect (ASD) an opening in the septum separating the atria
cor pulmonale enlargement of the right ventricle, resulting from chronic disease within the lungs, that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs (cor=heart)
mitral valve prolapse (MVP) protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood
myocardial infarction (MI) death of myocardial tissue (infarction) caused by ischemia (loss of blood flow) that results from an occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery; usually caused by atherosclerosis; sym. diaphoresis, and nausea; also called heart attack
deep vein thrombosis (DVT) formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most often in the femoral and iliac veins
Created by: marlenim
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