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Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The smallest of respiratory branches | Bronchiole |
| This element is the reason we breath | Oxygen |
| The trachea divides into the left and right primary ______ | Bronchi |
| Small muscles of breathing found between the ribs | Intercostal muscles |
| Waste product of respiration | Carbon Dioxide |
| Volume of air that is left in the lungs after forced expiration | Residual volume |
| Breathing in | Inspiration |
| Air travels through the nostrils into this chamber to be warmed and humidified | Nasal cavity |
| Windpipe. Has "C shape" cartilage to help keep it open | Trachea |
| The amount of air that is breathed in and out at any one time | Tidal Volume |
| Brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the heart | Pulmonary Artery |
| Each lung has separate sections called _____ | Lobes |
| Each lung is enclosed in a double-walled sac called the _______ | Pleura |
| Breathing out | Expiration |
| The tube at the back of the throat shared by the respiratory and digestive systems | Pharynx |
| Dome shaped muscle involved in breathing | Diaphragm |
| Seen from outside as the "Adam's apple" this structure contains the vocal cords | Larynx |
| Clusters of tiny, thin walled air sacs were gaseous exchange occurs | Alveoli |
| The maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs | Vital Capacity |
| In what stage of respiration does the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood occur? | External respiration |
| Which structure contains the vocal cords? | Larynx |
| What is the name for the windpipe? | Trachea |
| Which of these conditions is an inflammation and infection of the lungs where too much moisture builds up and impairs breathing? | Pneumonia |
| What occurs in the capillaries of the alveoli? | Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged |
| External respiration is the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environment and the bloodstream in the lungs. | True |
| Which of these conditions is the collapse of part or all of a lung? | Atelectasis |
| Which of these conditions occurs when the bronchial tubes are inflamed and, as a result, obstructed? | Asthma |
| What supply of oxygen exists in the body at any one time? | 4-6 minutes |
| Emphysema causes | SOB |
| What is ventilation? | The physical act of breathing |
| What is the name of the flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the air passages during swallowing? | Epiglottis |
| What is the name of the tiny hairs that filter dust and germs out of the air entering the respiratory system? | Cilia |
| Spirometry is one of the most common tests used to diagnose diseases and disorders of the | Respiratory system |
| Which of the following is true of lung cancer? | Leading cause of death in men and women |
| What is the large flat muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? | Diaphragm |
| What is the purpose of the pleura that surrounds the lungs? | Protect from friction |
| Internal respiration is the transfer of gases between the bloodstream and the cells of the body. | True |
| What occurs when oxygen and carbon dioxide gases are exchanged? | Respiration |
| Peak expiratory flow readings are | higher when patients are well; lower when patient's airway is constricted |
| What part of the body does tuberculosis mainly affect? | Lungs |
| What is oxygenation? | Process by which molecules are loaded onto the hemoglobin molecules in the blood stream |
| What percentage of the air we breathe is made up of oxygen? How much of it does our body use? | 21% , 5% |
| How is the respiratory system divided? | two sections: the upper airway and the lower airway |
| Where the esophagus and the trachea branch off. | laryngopharynx |
| Contains the hard palate and the soft palate. | nasopharynx |
| Small, leaf-like flap of tissue at the bottom of the laryngopharynx. | epiglottis |
| oropharynx | Contains the base of the tongue, tonsils, and vallecula. |
| A completely circular ring of cartilage in the upper airway | Cricoid cartilage |
| Where the trachea splits into two passages | Carina |
| Where is the site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs? | Bronchioles |
| What separates the two lungs? | Mediastinum |
| Normal respiratory rates range from | 12 to 20 breaths/min |
| 4 main vital signs | Body Temperature, Pulse rate, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure |
| difficulty breathing or labored breathing | dyspnea |
| fast respiratory rate (above 20) | tachypnea |
| Slow respiratory rate (below 12) | bradypnea |
| absence of breathing | apnea |
| abbreviation for short of breath | SOB |
| What are they key functions of the Pharynx? | warming and humidifying, Passageway, Hearing, protection, speech |
| What is the function of the oropharynx and where does it lie in the body? | The middle part of the throat connects to the oral cavity (mouth). It allows air, food and fluid to pass through. |
| What are the key tissue types in the pharynx called? | • Mucous and submucosa (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue = MALT tissue)- supports fighting infection. • Smooth muscle • Blood and nerve supply |
| What does smooth muscle do? | It gives part of the body tone. If something is toned, it can stay rigid as opposed to floppy. This maintains airway patency, meaning it helps to keep the airway open by maintaining its shape. |
| What is the role of the thyroid cartilage and what is it made off? | it protects and supports the vocal cords. It is made of hyaline cartilage |
| What are the main functions of the larynx? | • Production of sound and speech • Speech Protection of lower airways |
| What makes up the upper respiratory tract? | Anything from the nose to the larynx |
| What makes up the lower respiratory tract? | Anything from the trachea down |
| What are the main functions of the Trachea? | • Support and patency - whatever way you move your head, your airway should remain open • Mucociliary escalator- it is made up of mucus and cilia. It moves the mucus up and out of the lungs by coughing or swallowing. • Cough reflex |
| Describe the process of a cough | No. of particles in the trachea reaches a critical mass which causes an impulse In the vagus nerve. This causes a motor response. Youl take a breath and your vocal cords will close to build up pressure in the trachea. This trigger in the diaphragm will |
| What is surfactant and where is it created? | Created by septal cells. It stops the alveoli drying out and reduces suflace tension, preventing alveolar collapse during expiration |
| When are the internal intercostals used? | The internal intercostals are used when expiration becomes active, as in exercise. |
| What is elasticity? | Elasticity is the ability of the lung to return to its normal shape after each breath. |
| What is compliance? | This is the stretchability of the lungs, i.e. the effort required to inflate the alveoli. ' |
| What is external respiration? | the exchange of gases by diffusion between the alveoli and the blood in the alveolar capillaries, across the respiratory membrane. |
| What is internal respiration? | exchange of gases by diffusion between blood in the capillaries and the body cells |
Created by:
CarlyStrahm
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