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5SCI220 Final
FINAL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The lungs are located in the: | thoracic cavity. |
| A sagittal section divides the body into _____ portions. | right and left |
| Blood production is a function of which system? | Skeletal |
| What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface? | abdominal cavity. |
| What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface? | Superficial |
| Which of the following does not describe anatomical position? | Arms extended from the shoulders, palms up |
| The structure that is called the “powerhouse” of the cell is the: | mitochondria. |
| The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are: | cells |
| A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is: | coronal. |
| The reproductive system includes all of the following except the: | ureter. |
| The approximate pH of gastric fluid is: | 2 |
| Atomic mass is determined by the number of: | protons and neutrons. |
| A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) _____ solution. | alkaline (basic) |
| The kind of element is determined by the number of: | protons. |
| Acids: | are proton donors, taste sour, release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution. |
| The study of metabolism includes examination of: | catabolism, anabolism, ATP requirements. |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | dehydration synthesis. |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | hydrolysis. |
| The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are): | water. |
| An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element. | neutrons |
| Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by: | desmosomes. |
| ATP production occurs within which organelle? | Mitochondrion |
| Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted? | Golgi apparatus |
| The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as: | plasma membrane. |
| The largest human cell, measuring about 150 μm, is a: | female sex cell or ovum. |
| Which of the following does not describe a structure or function of the proteasome? | Breaking down abnormal and misfolded proteins released from the ER Looks like a hollow cylindrical drum made of protein subunits Requires the small protein called ubiquitin to pull proteins in Correct! All of the above |
| Which cell extension lacks a central pair of microtubules, is not found in blood cells, and functions in the kidney to monitor urine flow? | Primary cilium |
| The membranous structure containing substances that protect the cell from harm are: | lysosomes and peroxisomes. |
| Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called: | cilia. |
| The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the: | glycoprotein molecules. |
| The _____ junction “glues” the epidermis and dermis together and provides mechanical support for the epidermis. | dermoepidermal |
| Which of the following contains intercalated disks? | cardiac muscle |
| The strongest and most durable type of cartilage is | fibrocartilage. |
| The epidermis is composed of several types of epithelial cells. One type, called keratinocytes, become filled with a tough, fibrous protein called | keratin. |
| Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue? | cardiac |
| The mixed secretions of sebaceous and ceruminous glands form a brown waxy substance called the | cerumen. |
| Of the many different kinds of protein compounds in the body, which is the most abundant? | collagen |
| The union of basal and fibroreticular laminae forms the | basement membrane. |
| Which type of tissue has cube-shaped cells and can be found lining the kidney tubules? | simple cuboidal epithelium |
| A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called | mucus. |
| The bone that claims the distinction of being the only bone in the body that articulates with no other bones is the | hyoid. |
| The joint between the pubic portions of each coxal bone is the | pubic symphysis. |
| The bone that articulates with the temporal bone in the only movable joint of the skull is the | mandible. |
| Which of these pelvic bones is the most anteriorly placed? | pubis |
| Which bone is the longest and heaviest bone in the body? | femur |
| The medial part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger-shaped bone called the | sternum. |
| Which of the following is a facial bone? | zygomatic bone |
| The vertebral bones that support the small (lower section) of the back are the | lumbar vertebrae. |
| If you are working on an archeological dig and find the remains of a human pelvis with a subpubic angle of 110 degrees, you can assume that this pelvis belongs to a | female. |
| What structures normally hold the foot bones firmly in their arched positions? | ligaments and tendons |
| Which letter indicates bone that is not arranged in osteons and is called spongy or trabecular bone? | E |
| The covering of individual muscle fibers is the: | endomysium. |
| A muscle is attached to the femur and tibia. Its function or action is to bend the knee. When it contracts, it is acting as the: | prime mover. |
| The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name? | Flexor |
| Moving from superficial to deep, the connective tissue components would be: | epimysium, perimysium, endomysium. |
| The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name? | Rectus and Femoris |
| Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a(n): | muscle fiber. |
| The Achilles tendon is common to both the gastrocnemius and the soleus. | True |
| Which of the following statements about the muscles of the thorax is incorrect? | When the diaphragm contracts, it decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity and expels air from the lungs. |
| The flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the: | anterior medial surface of the forearm. |
| The muscle that flexes the semipronated or semisupinated forearm is the: | brachioradialis. |
| Which is true of a reflex arc? | It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron. |
| Which of the following is not a function of the central nervous system (CNS)? | Integrating sensory information, Evaluating the information, Initiating an outgoing response |
| Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the: | perineurium. |
| Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of: | cell bodies. |
| Dendrites conduct impulses _____ cell bodies. | toward |
| Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called: | nuclei. |
| The nervous system can be divided: | according to its structure, according to direction of information flow, by control of effectors |
| Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for all of the following reasons except: | microglia lay down scar tissue. |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ________ nervous systems. | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate: | skeletal muscles. |
| All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons except: | they have long fibers from CNS to ganglion. |
| Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebrae? | Cervical |
| Which of the following is not a plexus of the spinal nerves? | Thoracic |
| Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm? | Brachial |
| If you were to damage some of the preganglionic fibers that enter the celiac ganglion, what effect would this have on sympathetic stimulation? | Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla may not reach the various sympathetic effectors, thus delaying the effects of sympathetic stimulation. |
| Which of the following is not true of the lateral corticospinal tract fibers? | Most inhibit the lower motor neuron. |
| The areas specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebral hemisphere in: | about 90% of the population. |
| Some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem. | False |
| Visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic fibers. | True |
| The lumbar plexus gives rise to the _____ nerve. | femoral |
| Identify the letter that indicates a "master gland" that secretes at least nine hormones. | A |
| Identify the letter that indicates a gland that regulates circadian rhythms. | C |
| Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid. | conjunctiva |
| Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule. | vestibule |
| The hormone produced by the heart | increases the excretion of sodium in the urine. |
| Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells. | tectorial membrane |
| The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the | facial. |
| Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function. | glucocorticoids |
| Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ of Corti? | The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed. |
| The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the | infundibulum. |
| Largest purely endocrine gland in the body. | thyroid gland |
| Which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex? | hypothalamic appetite centers |
| Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents neutrophils. | A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents neutrophils. | A |
| The localized pressure gradient needed to maintain blood flow in a tissue is called | perfusion pressure. |
| The _____ is(are) supplied with blood from the left subclavian artery. | head and upper extremities |
| The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers. |
| Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are | capillaries. |
| Which sphincters function as regulatory valves that reduce the flow of blood through a network of capillaries when they contract and constrict the arterioles? | precapillary sphincters |
| The outermost layer of the larger blood vessels is the tunica | adventitia. |
| The bulk of the heart wall is the thick, contractile middle layer called the | myocardium. |
| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called | leukopenia. |
| Renal veins drain blood from the | kidneys. |
| Mechanical devices that permit the flow of blood in one direction only are called | valves. |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | erythropoietin. |
| Identify the letter that indicates lymph nodes that direct lymph fluid to the jugular trunks. | B |
| Identify the letter that indicates the large lymph vessel that drains three-quarters of the body. | C |
| Masses of lymphoid tissue located in a protective ring under the mucous membranes in the mouth and the back of the throat are called | tonsils. |
| Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a | germinal center |
| The primary organ of the lymphatic system is the | thymus. |
| Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | lymphocyte. |
| Pyrogen molecules trigger the fever response by promoting the production of | prostaglandins. |
| The internal environment of the human body is protected by the _____, which is(are) referred to as the first line of defense. | skin |
| During their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into _____, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body. | thymocytes |
| Bean-shaped structures located at certain intervals along the lymphatic system are | lymph nodes. |
| _____ refers to a phenomenon in which the genetic characteristics common to a particular kind of organism provide defense against certain pathogens. | Species resistance |
| The ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles is called | phagocytosis. |
| Gas exchange, the lungs’ main and vital function, takes place in the: | alveoli. |
| The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except the: | trachea. |
| The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the: | cricoid cartilage. |
| Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane? | Vestibule |
| Which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? | They serve in voice production. |
| The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called: | conchae. |
| The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are: | bronchioles. |
| Which of the following is not a true statement? | Raising the ribs decreases the depth and width of the thorax. |
| Which of the following is not a function of the pharynx? | Determines the quality of the voice |
| The more common name for the pharynx is the: | throat. |
| The type of tissue designed for absorption and secretion found throughout much of the GI tract is _____ epithelium. | simple columnar |
| Which of the following is not an anatomical part of the small intestine? | Cecum |
| Which of the following organs has a mucosal layer that is composed of columnar epithelium with a brush border of microvilli to enhance absorption? | Small intestine |
| The hard palate consists of portions of: | four bones: two maxillae and two palatines. |
| An incision into the wall of the GI tract would cut, in order, from superficial to deep: | serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa. |
| The walls of the GI tract are composed of ____ layers of tissue. | four |
| Bile is secreted by: | hepatic cells. |
| Which of the following salivary glands produces only a mucus type of saliva? | Sublinguals |
| The part of the colon that lies in the vertical position, on the left side of the abdomen, extending from a point below the stomach and spleen to the level of the iliac crest is the _____ colon. | descending |
| Microvilli can be found in the: | small intestine and large intestine. |
| One difference between the male urethra and the female urethra is the male urethra is: | part of two different body systems. |
| The mechanism for voiding begins with: | the relaxation of the internal sphincter. |
| Which hormone tends to increase the amount of urine produced? | ANH |
| Which structure of the kidney narrows as it exits the kidney to become the ureter? | Renal pelvis |
| ADH has the greatest effect on the reabsorption of water in the: | distal tubule. |
| Under normal conditions, most nutrients are reabsorbed in which portion of the nephron? | Proximal tubule |
| The portion of the nephron that empties into a calyx is the: | collecting tubule. |
| Which of the following is(are) classified as an accessory organ of the urinary system? | Ureters, Urinary bladder, Urethra |
| In the kidney, blood flows from the interlobular artery into the: | afferent arteriole. |
| Which of the following is not a normal function of the kidneys? | Regulate blood sugar |
| Identify the letter that indicates the cervix. | E |
| The uterus is suspended between two folds of parietal peritoneum that form a partition across the pelvic cavity. These ligaments are _____ ligaments. | broad |
| Each of the following is a duct in the male reproductive system except: | inguinal canal. |
| Which of the following is not an accessory sex organ of the female reproductive system? | Ovary |
| Identify the letter that indicates the site of sperm maturation and storage. | C |
| In the male reproductive system, the essential organs of reproduction are called: | testes. |
| The greater vestibular glands are also called _____ glands. | Bartholin |
| Which of the following is not true concerning the uterus? | It produces estrogen. |
| Identify the letter that indicates the region of the uterus known as the fundus. | B |
| The dense, white, fibrous capsule that encases each testis is called the: | tunica albuginea. |
| Which letter indicates the umbilical region? | B |
| Which letter indicates the popliteal region? | E |
| Which letter indicates the rough endoplasmic reticulum? | C |
| Which letter indicates the plasma membrane? | B |
| Which letter indicates microvilli? | E |
| Which letter indicates projections from the dermis that reduce blister formation? | E |
| Which letter indicates a cellular junction that prevents molecules from passing between epithelial cells? | A |
| Which letter indicates cells that produce melanin in the hair root? | D |
| Identify the letter that indicates the Linea alba. | B |
| Identify the letter that indicates the Masseter. | E |
| Identify the letter that indicates the Orbicularis oris. | D |
| Identify the letter that indicates the Deltoid. | B |
| Identify the letter that indicates the region of a neuron with a name that means "little hill." | B |
| Identify the letter that indicates a Schwann cell. | C |
| Identify which diagram represents a cell that produces a myelin sheath in the central nervous system. | E |
| Which letter indicates the primary visual cortex, which receives information from neurons in the retina of the eye? | E |
| Which letter indicates a tactile corpuscle (Meissner's corpuscle) that is responsive to light pressure? | B |
| Which letter indicates the celiac ganglion and plexus? | C |
| Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is important in equalizing air pressure on both sides of the eardrum. | E |
| Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes a hormone controlling basal metabolic rate. | B |
| Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes corticosteroids. | D |
| Identify the letter that indicates an organ that secretes hormones controlling blood sugar levels. | E |
| Identify the letter that indicates the hypophysis. | A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the formed element of the blood that is packed with molecules of hemoglobin. | A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the left common carotid artery. | A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the layer common to all blood vessels regardless of their size. | A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents lymphocytes. | D |
| Identify the letter that indicates anchor points for chordae tendineae, composed of cells from the myocardium. | B |
| Identify the letter that indicates collagen fibers that anchor lymphatic capillaries to surrounding connective tissue. | D |
| Identify the letter that indicates lymph nodes that direct lymph fluid to the jugular trunks. | B |
| Identify the letter that indicates structures that assist in filtering, heating, and humidifying inspired air. | A |
| Identify the letter that indicates Ciliated cells in this layer transport mucus laden with dust, bacteria, pollen, and viruses towards the pharynx. | C |
| Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that has a laryngeal prominence that is also known as the "Adam's apple." | D |
| Identify the letter that indicates the cardia of the stomach. | A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the cystic duct. | C |
| Identify the letter that indicates the root canal. | E |
| Identify the letter that indicates the major calyx. | E |
| Identify the letter that indicates the vasa recta. | E |
| Identify the letter that indicates the region of the nephron with receptors sensitive to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). | C |
| Identify the letter that indicates the efferent arteriole. | A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the site of sperm maturation and storage. | C |
| Identify the letter that indicates the cervix. | E |
| Identify the letter that indicates the gland that secretes lubricating mucus into the vaginal orifice. | C |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ________ nervous systems. | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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