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Endocrinology Review
Red MOD
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the hypothalamus. | - Along with the pituitary gland, it influences the thyroid gland. - Serves as a link between endocrine and nervous system. |
| Describe the pineal gland. | - Shaped like a pine cone. - Attached to the posterior part of the 3rd ventricle of the brain. - Secretes melatonin. |
| Describe the pituitary. | - AKA hypophysis, pea sized, located at the base of the brain. - Master gland. - Regulates man body activities. - Stimulates other glands to secrete hormones. |
| Describe the thyroid. | - Largest gland. - H shaped. - 2 lobes separated by an organ. |
| Name the 6 hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary and what their target organ/tissue is. | 1. ACTH - Adrenal cortex. 2. FSH - Ovaries & testes. 3. GH - Bones, cartilage, muscle and other tissues. 4. LH - Ovaries & Testes 5. PRL - Breast 6. TSH - Thyroid gland |
| Name the 2 hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary and what their target organ/tissue is. | 1. Antidiuretic hormone - Kidney 2. Oxytocin - Uterus & breast |
| What are the 3 types of steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex? | 1. Glucocorticoids - Aldosterone 2. Mineralocorticoids - Cortisol 3. |
| What are the 2 hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla and what is their function? | 1. Epinephrine - Maintains blood pressure and cardiac output 2. Norepinephrine - Raises blood pressure. |
| What is the function of the endocrine glands ? | - Secretes hormones directly into the blood stream. |
| What is the function of the parathyroid glands? | - Increases blood calcium levels. |
| Where are the adrenal glands located? | - The superior surface of the kidneys. |
| Name 3 disorders associated with the thyroid gland. | 1. Cretinism 2. Myxedema 3. Graves disease |
| What are the signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome ? | - Moon shaped face - Hirsutism - Fatigue - Purple striae - High blood pressure |
| What causes acromegaly ? | Hypersecretion of growth hormones as an adult. |
| What are the signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes ? | - Constant urination - Abnormal thirst - Unusual hunger - Rapid weight loss - Irritability - Obvious weakness/ Fatigued - Nausea, vomiting |
| What are the signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes? | - Drowsiness - Itching - A FHx - Blurred vision - Excessive weight - Tingling - Easily fatigued - Skin infection |
| What is the treatment for type 1 diabetes ? | - Insulin |
| Hyponatremia | Abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood. |
| Gigantism | Abnormal overgrowth of the entire body. |
| Hypocalcemia | Abnormally low amount of calcium in the blood. |
| Pancreas | An organ that contains the islets of Langerhans. |
| Homeostasis | Balance in the internal environment. |
| Dwarfism | Condition of being abnormally small. |
| Polyphagia | Condition of eating abnormally large amounts of food. |
| Obesity | Excessive accumulation of fat in the body. |
| Hypercalcemia | Excessive amounts of calcium in the blood. |
| Hyperkalemia | Excessive amount of potassium in the blood. |
| Hyperglycemia | Excessive amount of sugar in the blood. |
| Hirsutism | Excessive distribution of body hair. |
| Hypersecretion | Excessive secretion |
| Hypokalemia | Extreme depletion of potassium in the blood. |
| Glucogenesis | Formation of glucose from glycogen. |
| Somatotropin | Human growth hormone |
| Hyposecretion | Inadequate secretion |
| Diuresis | Increased formation and secretion of urine. |
| Adrenal medulla | Inner section of the adrenal gland. |
| Atrophy | Lack of development. |
| Acromegaly | Marked enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw. |
| Electrolytes | Mineral salts that carry and electrical charge. |
| Adrenal cortex | Outer section of the adrenal gland which secretes steroids. |
| Glucosuria | Presence of glucose in the urine. |
| Norepinephrine | Produced in the adrenal medulla; raises blood pressure. |
| Exophthalmos | Protrusion of the eyes. |
| Adrenalectomy | Surgical excision of the adrenal gland. |
| Thyroidectomy | Surgical excision of the thyroid gland. |
| Fasting-blood glucose | Test that measures blood glucose levels after a 12 hour fast. |
| Radio active iodine uptake ( RAIU ) | Test that measures thyroid function. |
| Endocrinology | The study of ductless glands and their secretion. |
| Thyrotoxic | Thyroid poisoning |
| Hypoglycemia | Too little sugar in the blood |
| Adenoma | Tumour of a gland. |
| Hypogonadism | Underdevelopment of internal secretions of male sex glands. |
Created by:
Demitreia
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