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Unit 7- Evolution

Evolution and Natural Selection

TermDefinition
Evolution The gradual change in a species over time
natural selection A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.
Variation Any difference between individuals of the same species. Caused by mutations and sexual selection
Adaptation inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival
competition the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources
common ancestor The shared ancestor of new, different species that arose from one population
Charles Darwin scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection
selective pressure when the environment pushes an individual or population to adapt or evolve
directional selection occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait
stabilizing selection occurs when natural selection favors the average forms of a trait
disruptive selection natural selection in which most organisms are unlikely to survive, regardless of which adaptations they have. Often happens with natural disasters.
sexual selection Organisms with certain traits must compete for the attention of a mate.
Fossils Preserved remains of once-living organisms. These provide evidence of extinct species and common ancestors of currently living species.
vestigial structures A structure that is present in an organism but no longer serves its original purpose. Left over structures from an organism's ancestors.
Super-germs Bacteria and viruses that rapidly evolve resistances to modern medicine and antibiotics
camouflage An organism that hides by blending in with its environment
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