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CHAP 24-THORACIC
LANGE Q&A
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is the thoracic cavity enclosed by? | ribs, spine, sternum, and diaphragm |
| How many ribs are there? | 12 |
| Ribs 1-12 are connected to what? | vertebrae |
| Connected anteriorly to the sternum directly or indirectly by costal cartilage | ribs 1-7 |
| Connected to the rib cage by costal cartilage. | ribs 8-10 |
| Not directly attached to the sternum but attached by the costal cartilage to the sternum | false ribs |
| Floating ribs are attached posteriorly only | 11-12 ribs |
| Sternum consists of | manubrium, body, xiphoid process |
| Thoracic cavity contains | the heart, lungs, and great vessels |
| Great vessels contains | superior and inferior vena cava pulmonary artery pulmonary vein aorta |
| Lungs are a pair of ____ organs located in the chest | air-filled |
| Three lobes | right lung |
| Two lobes | left lung |
| Process of air through the lungs | air is inhaled thru mouth to the trachea into the lungs into the bronchi which divide into bronchioles then into clusters of air sacs called alveoli |
| Air and CO2 exchange takes place here | alveoli |
| Covering of the lung | visceral pleura |
| Covers thoracic cavity | parietal pleura |
| what do lungs work on for proper pulmonary function? | negative pressure |
| Area between two lungs | mediastinum |
| What is included in the mediastinum? | thymus, thoracic aorta, heart and great vessels, esophagus and trachea |
| Separation between the peritoneal cavity and thoracic cavity | diaphragm |
| what is commonly used in thoracic surgery | double endotracheal tube |
| provides expansion for the good lung and collapse of the lung on the surgical side | double endotracheal tube |
| bronchus clamp-sarot clamp lebsche rib shears davidson scalpula retractor allison lung retractor bailey rib approximator duval lung clamp tuffier rib retractor finochietto rib retractor | thoracotomy instruments |
| What must you use any time the pleural space is entered? | pleur-evac/closed water seal drainage system |
| Used to collect bronchial and lung secretions and tissue biopsies | bronchoscopy |
| what are the two types of bronchoscopes? | rigid and flexible |
| commonly used for foreign body retrieval | rigid |
| used on patients who cannot hyperextend their neck | flexible |
| procedure performed to view areas of the mediastinum | mediastinoscopy |
| Where is a mediastinoscopy incision made? | notch of the neck |
| What is a biopsy of the lymph nodes performed? | staging of cancer |
| located in the space between the lungs called mediastinum | thymus gland |
| slow growing tumors in the thymus? | thymomas |
| Most common associated condition with thymoma? | myasthenia gravis |
| removal of the thymus gland | thymectomy |
| what incision is done for a thymectomy | median sternotomy |
| caused by a loss of negative pressure on one side of the pleural cavity, which causes the other side to shift the mediastinum in order to equalize the pressure | mediastinal shift |
| Insertion of a chest tube hooked up to a closed drainage system to provide negative pressure to the thoracic cavity Performed for direct visualization of the pleural cavity, mediastinum, and pericardium. Used to diagnose buildup of fluid, pus, or blood | thoracoscopy |
| Minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat diseases of the thoracic cavity | VATS |
| Biopsy for tissue diagnosis surgery of the esophagus surgery of the lun | VATS |
| What kind of staplers are used for a VATS? | endoscopic |
| What should you have available for a VATS? | thoracic and vascular instruments |
| Patient positions for a VATS? | posterolateral, lateral, anterolateral, or suspine |
| Performed for reconstructive procedures of the face, ear, etc. | rib resection |
| collapsed lung | pneumothorax |
| thin walled air sacs located on the apex (top) of the lung | blebs |
| congenital deformities of the chest wall | pectus deformities |
| chest bows outward | pectus carinatum |
| funnel chest | excavatum |
| incision into chest wall | thoracotomy |
| performed for diseased lung | lung resection |
| removal of the entire lung, performed for a malignancy | pneumonectomy |
| condition where the patient is coughing up blood. Caused by irritation of the bronchial tree or lung malignancy | hemoptysis |
| removal of one lobe of the lung | lobectomy |
| What nerves are preserved during a pneumonectomy? | vagus, left recurrent laryngeal, phrenic |
| small wedge portion is removed from one lobe of a lung | wedge resection |
| portion removed is a little larger than the wedge | segmental resection |
| nodes used to detect metastatic cancer from th elung | scalene/supraclavicular noes |
| measure how well the lungs take air in and out and oxygenate the body | pulmonary function tests |
| total amount of air that you inhale into your lungs | total lung capacity |
| test determines how much air is forced out (exhaled) | forced expiratory volume |
| highest amount of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking a deep breath | vital capacity |
| instrument used to measure the air capacity inhaled and exhaled from the lungs | spirometer |
| Lung volume reduction surgery | LVRS |
| surgical procedure performed to remove diseased lung tissue caused by emphysema | LVRS |
| Alveoli at the end of the bronchiole tree becomes enlarged and cause destruction of the air sacs. also causes lung overinflate | emphysema |
| procedure is performed to remove surface layer of the lung because layer becomes thick and restricts the lung from expanding | decortication |
| What is the surface layer of the lung? | fibrous layer |
| What can be used for dissection during decortication? | metz scissors, blunt dissection with surgeons fingers or peanuts |
| between the collarbone and first rib, caused by trauma or an extra rib | thoracic outlet syndrome |
| procedure performed to removed blood or air in the pleural cavity by introducing a needle and syringe for aspiration | thoracentesis |
| buildup of excess fluids, including blood, caused by infection or tumor | pleural effusion |
| what is inserted to dry out the space and aid in eliminating the space from preventing further buildup | talcum powder |
| stomach protrudes thru the diaphragm into` the pleural cavity | hiatal hernia |
| What solution is used to preserve the donor kidney prior to transplantation? | collins solution |
| What machine is used during a lung transplant | heart-lung machine |
| What incision is done for a double lung transplant | clamshell incision |
| How many anastomoses are needed for an effective lung transplant | three |
| Where are the three anatomoses done? | bronchus, pulmonary artery, and atrial cuff |
Created by:
karsanmira
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