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AP Psych: Unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Parts of a Neuron | Dendrite, Axon, Soma, Myelin Sheath, Terminal Buttons, Synapse |
| Dendrite | Direct messages |
| Axon | Announce messages |
| Soma | Cell body |
| Myelin Sheath | Fatty covering that speeds neural impulses |
| Terminal Buttons | End of axon, contain neurotransmitters |
| Synapse | Space between neurons |
| How does a neuron fire? | Resting Potential (Polarized), Threshold, Action Potential, All or none response, Re-polarization, Refractory Period, Hyper-polarity, Resting State again. |
| Resting State (Polarized) | Slightly negative charge; POTASSIUM ions INSIDE; SODIUM ions OUTSIDE. |
| Threshold | Reach the threshold when enough neurotransmitters reach the dendrites |
| Action Potential | Neuron Fires; the change in electric potential that propagates along the axon of a neuron during the transmission of a nerve impulse or the contraction of a muscle. |
| All or None Response | The neuron will fire or it will not fire. |
| Types of Neurotransmitters | Neurotransmitter; Reuptake Process; Excitatory; Inhibitory; Acetylcholine (ACH); Dopamine; Serotonin; Endorphins; Norepinephrine; Gaba; Glutamate |
| Neurotransmitter | Chemical that transmits signals from a neuron across a synapse |
| Reuptake Process | Recycling of neurons; the process by which the presynaptic neuron reabsorbs its released neurotransmitter after the neurotransmitter has done its job by binding to the postsynaptic neuron. |
| Excitatory | Excite the next cell to fire |
| Inhibitory | Stop from firing |
| Acetylcholine (ACH) | Deals with motor movement and memory; too much could cause you to spasm; too little and you could experience paralysis; lack of ACH has been linked to Alzheimer's disease. |
| Dopamine | Deals with motor movement, alertness, and pleasure; lack of dopamine has been linked to Parkinson's disease; too much has been linked to schizophrenia (hallucinations and delusions). |
| Serotonin | Involved in mood control, appetite, and sleep: link of serotonin has been linked to clinical depression. |
| Endorphins | Involved in pain control; ADDICTIVE DRUGS (e.x. heroine, coke, etc.) |
| Norepinephrine | Adrenaline; depression |
| Gaba | Inhibitory, calming, seizures/sleep problems |
| Glutamate | Excites you; linked to migraines/seizures, cognitive tasks |
| Drugs can be... | Agonists or Antagonists |
| Agonists | Make neurons fire |
| Antagonists | Stop neural firing |
| Types of Neurons | Efferent (Motor); Interneurons; Afferent (Sensory) |
| Efferent (Motor) Neurons | Exit the brain from the motor cortex to our body for movement |
| Interneurons | Send info to the brain or efferent neurons |
| Afferent (Sensory) Neurons | At the brain |
| S.A.M.E and E.E. | Sensory, Afferent, Motor, Efferent. And Efferent Exit |
| Myelin Sheath | Speeds up neural impulses. When it degenerates, it leads to Multiple Sclerosis (MS). |
Created by:
johnmkim2005
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