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Psychology 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hypothesis | An assumption or prediction about behavior that is tested through scientific research |
| Theory | A set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered for scientific study |
| Psychologist | A scientist who studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals |
| Clinical psychologist | Diagnoses and treats people with emotional disturbances |
| Counseling psychologists | A psychologist who usually helps people deal with problems of living |
| Psychiatry | a branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders |
| Developmental psychologists | a psychologist who studies the emotional, cognitive, biological, personal, and social changes that occur as an individual matures |
| Educational psychologists | a psychologist who may work in a mental health or social welfare agency |
| School psychologists | help young people with emotional or learning problems |
| Community psychologists | a psychologist who may work in a mental health or social welfare agency |
| Industrial/organizational psychologists | a psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers |
| Experimental psychologists | a psychologist who studies sensation, perception, learning, motivation, and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions |
| Environmental psychologist | work in business settings or within the government to study the effects of the environment on people. They may look at the effects of natural disasters, overcrowding, and pollution on the population in general |
| Basic Science | The pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena for its own sake |
| Applied Science | Discovering ways to use scientific findings to accomplish practical goals |
| Functionalism (ist) | a psychologist who studied the function of consciousness. William James. All aspects of mind help us survive |
| Structuralism (ist) | a psychologist who studied the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences. Wilhelm Wundt. Self-observation |
| Physiological | having to do with an organism's physical processes. |
| Cognitive | a psychologist who studies how we process store, retrieve, and use information and how cognitive processes influence our behavior |
| Wilhelm Wundt | Structuralist: set up the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879. First to do experimental research, founder of the science of experimental psychology |
| Sigmund Freud | A physician who practiced in Vienna, interested in the unconscious mind. Believed unconscious motivations and conflicts were responsible for most human behavior. Psychoanalytic psych |
| Sir Francis Galton | Inheritable traits. An English mathematician and scientist, wanted to understand how heredity influences a person's abilities, character, and behavior. |
| B.F. Skinner | Behaviorists: Introduced the concept of reinforcement. Showed how his laboratory techniques might be applied to society as a whole |
| Maslow and Rogers | Described human nature as evolving and self directed. Humanists; It does not view humans as being controlled by events in the environment and other outside forces simply serve as a background to our own internal growth. |
| William James | Functionalist. Taught the first class in psychology at Harvard University. Often called the “father of psychology”. Wrote first psychology textbook. |
| Wolfgang Kohler | Disagreed with the principles of structuralism and behaviorism. Argues that perception is more than the sum of its parts |
| Behaviorism | a psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment |
| Cognitive Psychology | how we process, store, and retrieve information influences our behavior |
| Sociocultural Psychology | ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status influences our behavior |
| Psychoanalysis | a psychologist who studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior |
| Introspection | a method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings |
| Psychobiologist | study the effects of drugs or try to explain behavior in terms of biological factors, such as electrical and chemical activities in the nervous system |
| Psychologist | work in legal, court, and correction systems. Assist police by developing personality profiles of criminal offenders or help law enforcements understand problems like abuse |
| Functionalists | a psychologist who studied the function of consciousness |
| Humanistic | a psychologist who believes that each person has freedom in directing his or her future and achieving personal growth |
| The 4 goals to psychology | Describe, Explain, Predict, Influence/Control |
| Gestalt Psychology | Max Wertheimer & Kohler. Perception is more than the sum of its parts. Study how sensations are assembled in perceptual experiences |
| Ivan Pavlov | Behavioral psychology. Russian psychologist. Developed an experiment testing the concept of the conditioned reflex. Trained dog to salivate at the sound of a buzzer along with the sight of food |
| John B. Watson | Behaviorists, Psychology should concern itself only with observable facts of behavior. |
Created by:
aglover23
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