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Exam 1 Psychology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Relay station | Thalamus |
Regulates physiological feedback systems(hunger, thirst, temperature, sexual behavior) | Hypothalamus |
Connects sensory and emotional information(part of lambic system) | Amygdala |
Memory | Hippocampus |
Primary processing area | Cerebral cortex |
Transfers info between the 2 cerebral hemispheres | Corpus callosum |
Occipital Lobe | Vision |
Temporal lobes | Hearing and language |
Area on temporal lobe, primary function if speech/language comprehension | Wernicke’s area |
Frontal lobes | Personality, thinking, motor cortex(executive functioning) |
Area in frontal lobes, primary function is speech production | Brock’s area |
Parietal lobes | Touch, temperature, pain, soma sensory cortex |
Strip of frontal lobes that generates commands for movement | Motor cortex |
Strip of parietal lobes that perceives touch(more sensitive areas of the body have larger assigned portions) | Somatosensory cortex |
Controls pituitary gland, which controls endocrine glands in body l(pancreas, thyroid, etc.) | Hypothalamus |
Controlled by right hemisphere; language, verbal skills, speech, reading and writing | Left hemisphere of brain |
Controlled by left hemisphere; nonverbal, spatial, musical, visual recognition | Right hemisphere |
Synaptic plasticity | The brains ability to crest and change the strength of synapses |
Nature-nurture | How much of who we are is determined by hereditary vs. environmental influences |
Social Psychology | study of social behavior & interactions |
"just world" Hypothesis | The bias or assumption that people get what they deserve, or life is fair |
Cells specialized for communication | Neurons |
Cells that support, insulate, nourish, & regulate neurons | Glial cells |
Dendrites | receive info from other neurons and carry info towards cell body |
axon | sends info away from cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands |
myelin | fatty covering that insulates many axons |
Type of message(graded potential) that make the neuron more likely to send a message | Excitatory graded potentials |
Type of message(graded potential) that make the neuron less likely to send a message | Inhibitory graded potentials |
When the action potential reaches the end of the axon, it releases___________ molecules, which carry the message to the next neuron | neurotransmitter |
Space between end of axon on one neuron and dendrites of another | synapse/synaptic gap/synaptic cleft |
NT molecules fit into_____ ____ on the dendrites of the next neuron | receptor sites |
very short "resting period" after sending an action potential in which a neuron cannot send another action potential | refractory period |
mental illness is often related to problems in how ________ communicate with one another | neurons |
Agonists | mimic the effect of a NT |
Antagonists | Block the effect of a NT |
NT that is associated with movement, memory, alzheimer's disease, and nicotine | Acetylcholine |
NT that is associated with sleep, learning, mood, depression, and the "fight or flight" reaction | Norepinephrine |
NT that is associated with mood, depression(SSRIs), appetite, and sleep | Seratonin |
NT that is associated with Movement, parkinson's(too little), Schizophrenia(too much) and motivation(reward/pleasure) | Dopamine |
NT that is associated with Huntington's(too little), Epilepsy, Anxiety(too little) and is the main inhibitory NT | GABA |
NT that is the main excitatory NT, strengthens connection between synapses, and is associated with neuron loss after stroke | Glutamate |
NT that is associated with pain perception and opiate drugs | Endorphins |
2 major divisions of nervous system | CNS(brain and spinal chord), PNS(somatic nervous system--voluntary behavior, sensory and motor neurons) |
2 types of Autonomic Nervous system(mostly involuntary) | Sympathetic(increases arousal), parasympathetic(decreases arousal) |
3 major subdivisions of hindbrain | Medulla, Pons, Reticular formation(extends into midbrain), Cerebellum |
Medulla(hindbrain) | controls vital functions |
Pons(hindbrain) | connects brain and spinal chord |
Cerebellum(hindbrain) | coordinates movement |
major structures of midbrain | Substantia Nigra, Reticular Formation |
Substantia Nigra(midbrain) | movement |
Reticular Formation(midbrain) | sleep and arousal, attention(filtering of info) |