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Ch4 Spectroscopy Pt1
Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Spectroscopy | study of how atoms absorb and emit electromagnetic radiation |
Spectroscope | instrument used to view a light source's spectrum |
Spectrum | separation of light into its component colors |
Spectral Line | where light in a narrow frequency has either been removed or added from a spectrum |
Emission Spectrum | pattern of colored spectral lines where light has been added by an element in a hot gas |
Continuous Spectrum | spectrum from a hot solid where the radiation is distributed over all frequencies with no pattern (ROYGBIV) |
Absorption Spectrum | pattern of dark spectral lines where light has been removed by an element in a cool gas |
Element | matter made up of one particular atom, determined by the number of protons in the nucleus |
Kirchhoff's Laws | three rules governing the formation of different types of spectra |
Atom | building block of all matter, a nucleus of protons (and neutrons) surrounded by electrons |
Bohr Model | first theory of the hydrogen atom's structure with electron energy levels |
Electron Cloud | system of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom |
Electron State | corresponds to the energy level of an electron (a.k.a. an orbital) |
Ground State | lowest energy level that an electron can have in an atom |
Excited State | when one of an atom's electrons is in a higher energy orbital than the ground state |
Lyman Series | hydrogen spectral series of transitions to the lowest energy level of an electron (ground state), emitting UV light |
Balmer Series | hydrogen spectral series of transitions to the second lowest energy level of an electron (first excited state), emitting visible light |
Photoelectric Effect | emission of an electron from a metal surface when a photon of EM radiation is absorbed |
Electron | elementary particle of an atom with a negative electric charge |
Proton | elementary particle of an atom with a positive electric charge |
Neutron | elementary particle of an atom with a neutral electric charge (0) |
Particle | a body with mass but having negligible size |