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Respiratory Emergenc
EMS Respiratory Emergencies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hypercarbia | a condition of abnormally elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood. |
| Bronchospasm | a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles |
| Patent Airway | Open, unobstructed, affording free passage. The ability of a person to breathe, with airflow passing to and from the respiratory system through the oral and nasal passages. |
| CPAP | Continuous Positive Airway Pressure. A mask that provide constant pressure to the airway through out the breathing cycle. Keeps the airway inflated under pressure even during exhalation. |
| beta-blockers | a class of medications that are predominantly used to manage abnormal heart rhythms, and to protect the heart from a second heart attack after a first heart attack. |
| Emphysema | 1 of 2 types of COPD A chronic condition in which alveoli become brittle and damaged. Damage to the air sacs is irreversible and results in permanent "holes" in the lung tissue. Less surface area for perfusion to occur. |
| COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) | a type of progressive lung disease characterized by long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitations The two most common conditions of COPD are: * emphysema and * chronic bronchitis The main symptoms include shortness of breath and a coug |
| Exacerbation | To make a bad situation worse |
| Pneumonia | an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. caused by infection with viruses or bacteria |
| Chronic Bronchitis | 1 of 2 types of COPD a long-term inflammation of the bronchi (breathing passages in the lungs), which results in increased production of mucus, as well as other changes. 2-3 months for at least 2 years |
| Asthma | a chronic, inflammatory lung disease involving recurrent breathing problems. Airway muscles tighten, mucus production increases, airway become swollen. |
| Alveoli | Air sacs in the lungs Where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| Pulmonary Embolism | a blood clot gets stuck in an artery in the lung, blocking blood flow to part of the lung. Can effect the heart also by putting great pressure on the right ventricle |
| Embolism | a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a blood vessel. The embolus can be a: blood clot (thrombus), fat, bubble, etc |
| Thrombus | colloquially called a blood clot, The final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis. |
| Dyspnea | Shortness of breath (SOB) an uncomfortable feeling of not being able to breathe well enough |
| Tachypnea | a respiratory rate greater than normal, resulting in abnormally rapid and shallow breathing |
| Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) | a complex syndrome whereby there is inadequate output of the heart to meet the metabolic demands of the body. |
| Nasal Cannula | lightweight tube which on one end splits into two prongs which are placed in the nostrils and from which a mixture of air and oxygen flows |
| Nasal Cannula - flow rate | Flow rate 2-6 lpm Start low and work up on SpO2 results |
| Non-Rebreather Mask (NRB) | A NRB requires that the patient can breathe unassisted, but unlike a low-flow nasal cannula, the NRB allows for the delivery of higher concentrations of oxygen. |
| Non-Rebreather Mask (NRB) - flow rate | Flow rate 10-15 lpm MUST BE AT LEAST 10 lpm. Never place mask on with out >10 lpm |
| Supplemental O2 flow rate with BVM | Flow rate 15 lpm Can be used with an OPA or NPA |
| Cystic fibrosis (CF) | A rare genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs Lungs produce a thicker and stickier mucus that blocks the airways. There is no known cure |
| Name 4 most common lung sounds | Rales Rhochi Stridor Wheezing |
| Rales / Crackle | Small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds in the lungs. They are heard when a person breathes in (inhales). They are believed to occur when air opens closed air spaces. Rales can be further described as moist, dry, fine, and course. |
| Rhonchi | Sounds that resemble snoring. They occur when air is blocked or air flow becomes rough through the large airways. |
| Stridor | Wheeze-like sound heard when a person breathes. Usually it is due to a blockage of airflow in the windpipe (trachea) or in the back of the throat. Listen to neck also. |
| Wheezing | High-pitched sounds produced by narrowed airways. They are most often heard when a person breathes out (exhales). Wheezing and other abnormal sounds can sometimes be heard without a stethoscope. |
| Nasal flaring | occurs when the nostrils widen while breathing. It is often a sign of trouble breathing. Mostly in infants and young children |
| Cyanosis | bluish discoloration of the skin Caused by poor perfusion |
| Pleural Rubs | an audible raspy breathing sound, a medical sign present in some patients with pleurisy and other conditions affecting the chest cavity. |
| Polyphonic wheeze | Polyphonic wheeze is composed of several notes and generally heard in expiration. |
| consecutive months must there be a productive cough for the patient to get a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis | 3 |
| Chronic Bronchitis patients weight (heavy or light) | Heavy |
| spirometer | medical device that measures your airflow |
Created by:
danfar
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