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Anatomy/Med Term 2
Chapter 5 The Skeletal System: The Skeleton
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Skeletal System consists of what? | Bones |
| A human skeleton is called what? | endoskeleton |
| Define Endoskeleton | means that the skeleton is inside of our bodies |
| When do bones start developing in the body? | before a fetus is born |
| How long do bones continue to delvelop? | for about 20 years |
| What are the 5 important functions of Bones? | They: Provide support Allow movement Offer protection Produce blood cells Release calcium |
| When Bones first form in a fetus, they are flexible cartilage. Within a few weeks, however, calcium begins to replace this cartilage through a process called what? | Ossification |
| Define Bone Marrow | the spongy, soft material in bones where red blood cells and some white blood cells are created |
| Define Compact Bone | The hard outer surface of the bone |
| Define Spongy Bone | The spongy interior of the bone |
| The tissue that makes up compact bone is called what? | cortical bone tissue |
| The tissue that makes up the spongy bone is called what? | cancellous bone tissue |
| The thin white membrane that covers bone is called what? | periosteum |
| What may attach to the periosteum? | Muscles, ligaments, and tendons |
| Define Subchrondral tissue | Subchrondal tissue is covered with cartilage and covers the ends of some bones |
| True or False. To keep bones strong, bone tissue constantly breaks down and renews. | True. |
| Define Remodeling | The breakdown and renewal of bone tissue |
| What type of cells are responsible for remodeling bone tissue? | Bone cells |
| What are the 3 types of Bone Cells? | Osteoblast Osteoclast Osteocyte |
| What is an Osteoblast? | A bone cell that creates new bone cells and are found within the bone and give the bone its strength |
| What is an Osteoclast? | A very large bone cell that breaks down and absorbs unwanted tissues and are found within bone marrow |
| What is an Osteocyte? | Is a mature bone cell. Osteocytes have a short life span. They are broken down and absorbed by Osteoclasts and are found within the bone |
| What are the 4 Bone Shape Classifications? | Long Short Flat Irregular |
| What Bone Shape is longer than it is wide and has a long shaft called the diaphysis, rounded ends on either side of the diaphysis called epiphysis, are primarily compact bones, but may have spongy bone at the ends? | Long Bones. Example: bones in your legs and arms are long bones |
| What Bone Shape is long as it is wide and are cube-shaped, primarily spongy bone, but are covered in a layer of compact bone? | Short Bones. Example: your wrists and ankles have short bones |
| What Bone Shape is usually thin and curved? | Flat Bones. Example: you have flat bones in your skull |
| What Bone Shape is not long, short or, flat; usually spongy bone covered in a thin layer of compact bone? | Irregular Bones. Example: you have irregular bones in your vertebrae |
| The Skeleton is often divided into what 2 skeletons? | Axial Appendicular |
| The Axial Skeleton contains what 4 bones? | Skull (Skull and facial bones) Vertebral Column Thoracic Cage Hyoid Bone |
| The Appendicular Skeleton contains what 4 bones? | Pectoral Girdle Pelvic Girdle Arms Legs |
| The skull bone is called the? | cranium (KRAY-nee-um) |
| What is the adjective form of Cranium? | Cranial (KRAY-nee-al) |
| What are the 6 Cranial Bones? | frontal bone parietal (par-RIE-eh-tal) bones occipital (ok-SIP-ih-tal) bone temporal bones sphenoid (SFEE-noyd) bone ethmoid (ETH-moid) bone |
| Facial Bones are part of the? | Cranium |
| What is the only facial bone that moves? | The mandible (lower jaw) |
| What are the 7 Facial Bones? | nasal bones zygomatic (zie'-goe-MAT-ik) bones vomer (VOE-mer) maxilla (upper jaw) mandible (lower jaw) nasal conchae (KON-kee) lacrimal (LAK-ri-mal) bones |
| The Vertebral Column is called the? | Spine |
| How many bones does the Vertebral Column consist of? | 33 vertebrae (VER-teh-bray) |
| What are the 7 vertebrae below the skull called? | Cervical (SER-vih-kal) Vertebrae |
| What are the 12 vertebrae under the cervical vertebrae called? | Thoracic or Dorsal vertebrae |
| What are the 5 vertebrae under the Thoracic or Dorsal vertebrae called? | Lumbar (LUM-bar) vertebrae |
| What are the 5 fused bones under the Lumbar vertebrae called? | sacrum (SAY-krum) |
| What are the last 4 four fused bones under the sacrum called? | Coccyx (KOCK-sicks) or tailbone |
| How do health care professionals refer to vertebrae? | By letter and a number. Example: the 3rd lumbar vertebra is called L-3 and the 2nd thoracic vertebra is T-2 |
| What are the 5 Vertebral Column Bones? | Cervical Vertebrae Thoracic Vertebrae Lumbar Vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx |
| What is the small piece of cartilage between each vertebra called? | Intervertebral (IN-ter-ver'-te-bral) Disc |
| The Intervertebral Disc has what 2 parts? | Annulus Fibrosus (AN-you-lus-fie-BROH-sus) = the outer covering Nucleus Pulposus (NEW-klee-us-pul-POH-sus) = the inner portion |
| What bones make up the Thoracic Cage? | 12 pairs of ribs sternum costal cartilage thoracic vertebrae |
| What do the ribs attach to in the Thoracic Cage? | In the back, they attach to the thoracic vertebrae, in the front, they attach to the sternum by costal cartilage. |
| How many floating ribs are there? What do they attach to? | 2, they do not attach to anything in the front. |
| What is the hyoid (HIGH-oid) (or lingual) bone? | is a small bone in the neck that is shaped like a horseshoe. Its purpose is to support the root of the tongue. |
| What bones make up the Appendicular Skeleton? | The Pectoral Girdle, Pelvic Girdle, arms and legs |
| The Pectoral Girdle contains what bones? | The Clavicles (Collarbones) and the Scapulae (Shoulder Blades) |
| The Pelvic Girdle contains what bones? | The Coxal (hipbones) bones, ilium, ischium and pubis The Acetabulum (hip socket) |
| The Coxal Bones join in the front (anteriorly) at the? | The Symphysis Pubis |
| The Coxal Bones join in the back (posteriorly) at the? | The Sacroiliac Joint |
| The bones of the arms make up the what extremity? | Upper Extremity |
| The bones of the legs and feet make up the what extremity? | Lower Extremity |
| What 4 bones make up the Arm Bones? | Humerous Ulna Radius Olecranon |
| What 4 bones make up the Wrist and Hand Bones? | Carpal Metacarpals Phalanges Interphalangeal |
| What 4 bones make up the Leg Bones? | Femur Patella Tibia Fibula |
| What 4 bones make up the Foot and Toe Bones? | Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Calcaneus |
| How many bones does an adult skeleton have? | 206 |
| How many bones does a newborn's skeleton have? | 356. Babies don't lose bones as they mature; their bones grow--or fuse--together. |
| Because bones and muscle work together, theses 2 body systems are sometimes called what? | The Musculoskeletal System |
Created by:
jmwhelpley
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