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unit 2 pt 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sensory/Afferent Neurons | Carry info from senses to the brain |
| Motor/Efferent Neurons | Carry info from the brain to the muscles |
| Interneurons | Acts as a middle man/ bridge between sensory and motor neurons |
| Dendrites | Receives messages and conducts impulses toward the cell body (tree branch) |
| Soma (cell body) | |
| Axon | Knoblike; transmits messages to the other neurons or muscles or glands |
| Myelin Sheath | Fatty tissue; speeds impulses |
| Terminal Buttons | The branching structures at the ends of axons that release neurotransmitters |
| Synapses | Tiny space between the axon terminal & dendrite |
| Depolarization | Sodium gates open and let sodium into the axon, causing the axon to be more positive that the outside |
| Action Potential | A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon |
| Resting Potential | The electric potential across the plasma membrane of a neuron when it is in the nonexcited, or resting, state |
| Reuptake | Reabsorptions of the neurotransmitters by sending neuron once message has been received (send & come back) |
| Refractory Period | A period of inactivity after a neuron has fired |
| All-or-none response | A neurons reaction of either firing or not firing |
| Agonist | A substance that binds to a receptor and triggers a response in the cell |
| Antagonist | A molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitter's action |
| Excitatory | Neurotransmitters that increase likely action |
| Inhibitory | Neurotransmitters that decrease likely action |
| Acetylcholine (ACH) | (I&E) A neurotransmitter involved in learning, memory, and muscle contraction (+ spams) (- Alzheimers) |
| Norepinephrine | (E) A neurotransmitter important in controlling alertness, wakefulness, mood, and attention (fight/flight) (+agitation) (-depression) |
| Glutamate | (E) Transmit information that regulates brain development and determines cellular survival (+migraines/ seizers) (- |
| Dopamine | (E&I) voluntary movement and rewards (+ schizophrenia) (- addiction/ Parkinsons) |
| Serotonin | A neurotransmitter that regulates sleep, mood, appetite, and body temperature |
| GABA | Calming / stop button (-insomnia) (- seizures/anxiety) |
| Blindsight | A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it |
| Selective attention | Focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus; the brain's ability to choose a focus and what to notice |
| Inattentional blindness | Failing to see visible objects when attention is directed elsewhere |
| Change blindness | Failing to notice change in the environment |
| Circadian rhythms | Regular bodily systems that occur on a 24 hour cycle |
| Tolerance | Diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of drug |
| Withdrawal | The discomfort & distress that follows discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior |
| Depressants | Chemicals that reduce neural activity & other body functions |
| Stimulants | Drugs which intensify neural activity & bodily functions |
| Barbiturates | Drugs that depress central nervous activity; reducing anxiety but impairing memory & judgement |
| Opiates | Opium & its derivatives that depress neural activity temporarily lessening pain & anxiety |
| NREM 1 | Experiences hallucinations & hypnagogic sensations, thea waves, light sleep |
| NREM 2 | Sleep spindles, sleep talking, spend most night sleep here |
| NREM 3 | Slow & large delta waves, bedwetting, sleepwalking & nightmares may occur |
| NREM 4 | Rapid eye movement sleep, vivid dreams, paradoxical sleep, brain is very active |
| REM cycle | Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring stage of sleep during which vivid dreams occur; also known as paradoxical sleep because the muscles are relaxed but body systems are active |
| Sleep spindles | Sudden bursts of rapid brain wave activity |
| Wish Fufillment | To want to satisfy your own wishes |
| Manifest Content | The remembered storyline of a dream |
| Latent Content | The underlying meaning of a dream |
| Activation Synthesis | Develop and preserve neural pathways |
| Information Processing | File away memories |
| Insomnia | Reoccurring problems in falling or staying asleep |
| Narcolepsy | Uncontrollable sleep attacks |
| Sleep apnea | Temporary sensations of breathing during sleep & repeated momentary awakenings |
| Night terrors | High arousal & an appearance of being terrified |
Created by:
id184871
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