Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Med. Term Chap 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nose structure and function | Air enters and leaves, cilia sweep foreign material toward throat for elimination |
| Pharynx (throat) structure and function | Airway connection to larynx. Serves as passageway for air from nose and food from mouth. |
| Larynx (voicebox) structure and function | Contains structures that make vocal sounds possible.Connected to the trachea. |
| Trachea (windpipe) structure and function | Branches in two tubes called bronchi. Serves as passageway for air to the bronchi. |
| Bronchi structure and function | Bronchi enter a lung and subdivide into smaller branches called bronchioles.Bronchioles are the smallest branches of the bronchi and terminate at the alveoli. |
| Lungs structure and function | Left lung has two lobes. Right lung has three lobes. |
| Alveoli Structure and function | Air sacs of lungs provide breathing (ventilation). |
| Diaphragm structure and function | Aids in the process of breathing. Contracts and descends with each inhalation (inspiration). Respiration. With help of cardiovascular system,Provides oxygen (O2) to body cells, Eliminates the waste product carbon dioxide (CO2). |
| Respiration | External, exchange of air at the lungs. Internal, exchange of gases at the cellular level within organs of the body. |
| What is the main function of the respiratory system? | Provides O2 and removes CO2 from body cells |
| Name the structures of the upper respiratory tract (URT). | Nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea |
| What are the structures of the lower respiratory tract? | Bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and the lungs |
| Name the smaller branches of the bronchi. | Bronchioles |
| What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs called? | Alveoli (alveolus, singular) |
| What do abbreviations O2 and CO2 mean? | O2 means oxygen; CO2 means carbon dioxide. |
| What other body system helps the respiratory system transport O2 and remove CO2 from body cells? | Cardiovascular system helps transport O2 and remove CO2 from body cells. |
| nas/o, rhin/o: nose | nose |
| tonsill/o: | tonsils |
| adenoid/o: | adenoid |
| pharyng/o: | pharynx (throat) |
| laryng/o: | larynx |
| trache/o: | trachea |
| pneum/o, pneumon/o: | air, lung |
| pulmon/o: | lung |
| bronch/o, bronchi/o: | bronchus (plural, bronchi) |
| bronchiol/o: | bronchioles |
| thorac/o: | chest |
| phren/o: | diaphragm |
| -ectasis: | dilation, expansion |
| -osmoia: | smell |
| -pnea: | breathing |
| The plural form of alveolus | alveoli |
| The plural form of bronchus | bronchi |
| The plural form of pleura | pleurae |
| inflammation of the bronchi | bronch/itis |
| paralysis of the larynx (voice box): | laryng/o/plegia |
| visual examination of the bronchi: | bronch/o/scopy |
| incision of the trachea | trache/o/tomy |
| instrument for examining the larynx: | laryng/o/scope |
| disease of the chest: | thorac/o/pathy |
| rapid breathing | tachy/pnea |
| excision of tonsils | tonsill/ectomy |
| resembling mucus: | muc/oid |
| surgical repair of the nose: | rhino/plasty |
| specialist in (treatment of) lungs: | pulmon/o/logist |
| swallowing air: | aer/o/phagia |
| without (absence of) breathing: | a/pnea |
| creation of an opening (mouth) in the trachea (windpipe): | trache/o/stomy |
| excision of the larynx (voice box): | laryng/ectomy |
| Signs/ Symptoms of sleep Apnea | Potentially life-threatening condition.During normal nocturnal sleep, person’s breathing ceases, followed by snorting and gasping. More in men than women. Associated obesity, hypertension, airway-obstructive condition. categorized obstructive or central. |
| obstructive sleep apnea | which is more common, air is unable to flow in or out of the upper airway. Person stops breathing multiple times each night |
| central sleep apnea, | the brain does not send proper signals to the muscles that control breathing. |
| Causes of obstructive sleep apnea | airway obstruction secondary to a soft palate. excess neck tissue. tonsil enlargement. |
| Sleep apnea treatment | Weight loss is encouraged. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A). Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPP). CPAP apparatus or dental appliances to keep airway open in adults; home apnea monitor for infants. |
| Signs/Symptoms of lung cancer | Early-stage usually produces no symptoms and is difficult to detect. Symptoms may include smoker’s cough, wheezing, chest pain, dyspnea, and hemoptysis.Risk factors include chemical exposure or history of smoking/exposure to second- hand smoke. |
| Treatment of lung cancer | Combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy depending on whether malignancy is localized or metastasized.Chest x-ray, sputum cytology test, and bronchoscopy with tissue biopsy are required for definitive diagnosis. |
| Wedge resection (lung cancer treatment) | excision of a small portion of the lung along with healthy tissue that surrounds the lung |
| Segment resection (lung cancer treatment) | excision of a portion of a lobe of a lung; also called segmentectomy. |
| Lobectomy resection (lung cancer treatment) | excision of one lobe of the lung. |
| Pneumonectomy resection (lung cancer treatment) | excision of a lung or a portion of the lung. |
| Signs/Symptoms of Upper Airway Obstruction | Symptoms vary depending on the cause. Cyanosis of the skin. Difficulty breathing, choking, confusion, panic, unconsciousness. |
| Treatment of Upper Airway Obstruction | Depends on cause of blockage. Objects lodged in the airway can be removed with a laryngoscope or bronchoscope. Tube may be inserted into airway (endotracheal tube or nasotracheal tube).Opening is made directly into airway (tracheostomy) if needed. |
| Signs/Symptoms of Pneumothorax | Patient is comfortable in a Fowler/ semi-Fowler position, may require oxygen. Thoracostomy is performed, withdraw air from the cavity. Closed drainage system established if air continues to leak into pleural space allowing expansion/ healing of lung. |
| Signs/Symptoms of Bronchiectasis | Widening/destruction of large airways/ bronchi, in lower lung portions.Dilated airway in bronchiole.Develop gradually/ chronic cough, large foul-smelling sputum. Hemoptysis, dyspnea, wheezing, fever, general malaise disease progresses. Patient halitosis. |
| Treatment of Bronchiectasis | Control of infections and bronchial secretions.Relieve airway obstruction. Regular, daily drainage to remove bronchial secretions. Antibiotics, bronchodilators, mucolytics, and expectorants may be prescribed. |
| empyema: | pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity (pyothorax) |
| emphysema | chronic disease characterized by overexpansion and destruction of alveoli; commonly associated with cigarette smoking |
| epistaxis | bleeding from the nose; also called nosebleed, nasal hemorrhage, or rhinorrhagia |
| ischemia | inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part as a result of an interruption of blood flow |
| rhonchi: | abnormal respiratory sound resembling snoring, caused by blockage in the larger airways |
| tubercle: | small lesions that appear in the lungs when a person is infected with tuberculosis (TB) |
| Bronchoscopy Procedure | Tissue biopsy for detection of lung cancer. Remove obstruction (tissue or other), or observe directly for pathological changes. |
| Polysomnography Procedure | Diagnoses sleep disorders.Records various aspects of sleep, such as eye and muscle movements, respiration, and electroencephalogram patterns. |
| Spirometry Procedure | common lung test, measures capacity of the lungs and the volume of air during inhalation and expiration. |
| Thoracentesis Produre | Removes fluid from pleural space for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. |
| Artieral blood gas (ABG) procudre | Measures O2 and CO2 content of arterial blood by various methods. |
| Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) | Measures capacity of the lungs and the volume of air during inhalation and exhalation. |
| visual examination of bronchi | bronchoscopy |
| surgical puncture of chest: | thoracentesis/thoracocentesis |
| forming an opening (mouth) in the trachea: | tracheostomy |
| instrument for examining the larynx: | laryngoscope |
| instrument for measuring breathing: | spirometer |
| visual examination of the larynx: | laryngoscopy |
| Endotracheal Intubation | Tube placed through the mouth or nose into the trachea just above the bronchi. Provides air to patients who are unable to breathe on their own because of respiratory failure and to administer O2, medication, or anesthesia. |
| Laryngectomy | Excision of all or part of the larynx. |
| Postural drainage | Body is positioned so that gravity helps remove secretions from the lung or bronchi. Coughing usually expels secretions from the trachea. |
| Tracheotomy | Opening into trachea w/ placement of indwelling tube. Allows airflow into lungs. Aids in removal of secretions (mucus) from bronchial tubes |
| Oxygen Therapy | O2 administration most commonly via nasal cannula. |
| Bronchodilators | Drugs that dilate constricted airways via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). |
| Corticosteroids | MDIs, Nebulized mist treatment (NMTS) |
| Nebulized mist treatment (NMTS) | Administer medications directly into lungs via a nebulizer. |
Created by:
smite147
Popular Medical sets