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Lab exam
A and P lab exam 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
cephalic | head |
frontal | forehead |
orbital | eye |
buccal | cheek |
mental | jaw/chin |
cervical | neck |
axillary | armpit |
brachial | arm |
coxal | pelvis bones (excluding sacrum) |
carpal | wrist |
thoracic | mid back |
pelvic | below lumbar region of abdomen |
inguinal | groin |
pubic | pubic bone of pelvis |
femoral | thighs |
patellar | knee |
crural | shin |
tarsal | ankle |
cranial | skull |
occipital | base of skull |
lumbar | low back/spine |
gluteal | butt |
sacral | end of spine/ between pelvic bones |
perineal | region between genitals and anus |
popliteal | back of knee |
calcanea | heel |
sural | calf |
antebrachial | forearm |
metric units for volume | liters |
metric unit for length | meter |
metric unit for mass | grams |
metric unit for temperature | celcius |
Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion | (F-32) x 5 ------------ 9 |
how many pounds in a kilogram | 2.2 lbs |
how many centimeters in an inch | 2.54 |
microscope: ocular lenses | lenses closest to your eyes |
microscope: objective | part the you can rotate to change the zoom; the stubs |
microscope: nosepiece | place the objective (stubs) is attached to |
microscope: stage | platform where slide sits |
microscope: coarse adjustment | big knob on side to make big changes to focus the slide |
microscope: fine adjustment | small knob on big knob to sharpen the focus |
microscope: condenser | lease that concentrates light |
microscope: diaphragm | adjusts light intensity |
total magnification = | lense (normally 10) x objective |
images in microscope appear | upside down and backwards |
nucleus function | contains cells genetic code |
nucleolus | synthesis of ribosomal nucleic acid (RNA) |
rough ER | transports proteins synthesized by ribosomes on the ER |
smooth ER | manufactures molecule of cell membranes like lipids |
golgi apparatus | processes material from the ER and puts it in vesicles |
mitochondria | synthesis of ATP |
ribosomes | site of protein synthesis |
plasma membrane | keeps cell inside cell, semipermeable |
peroxisome | breaks down lipids |
lysosome | digestive system of the cell |
cytosol | jelly that organelles are suspended in |
vesicles | transport materials |
brownian motion | random motion of particles, drives diffusion |
diffusion | particles tend to move from an area of high to low concentration |
osmosis | movement of water from a high to low; moves to dilute solute |
tonicity | relative term comparing the concentrations of one solution to another |
osmolarity | # of dissolved particles/ total volume |
selectively permeable | allows passage of some molecules; small hydrophobic for the cell |
hematocrit | percent of total volume taken up by RBCs |
how to obtain hematocrit | take a sample of blood, spin it, measure dark red section |
how does urea being able to cross the cell membrane affect fluid movement? | water will move to dilute the solute |
how does crenation affect hematocrit? | decrease in packed cell volume |
how does hemolysis affect hematocrit? | decrease in RBC amount but also made it hard to measure since it dyed the plasma red |
function of epithelium | protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, sensory reception |
simple squamous | absorption, in places that need to diffuse like alveoli or lining body cavities |
simple cuboidal | secrete and absorption; in kidney tubules and glands |
simple columnar | absorption; usually with cilia and microvilli; in intestine and stomach |
stratified squamous (keratinized) | protection; epidermis |
stratified squamous (nonkeratinized) | protection but not exposed to outside dryness, esophagus |
stratified cuboidal | secreting; in ducts like salivary and sweat |
stratified columnar | secrete and protect; mucous membrane lining the eyelids |
pseudo stratified columnar | barrier that moves things, absorption and secretion; upper respiratory tract; has cilia |
purpose of connective tissue | vascularized, connection, structural support, material transport, storage |
loose areolar | provides support, binds skin in papillary dermis |
adipose | storage of fat and energy and cushioning from organs |
reticular | support cell types in lymph organs |
dense fibrous regular | connection; tendons and ligaments |
dense fibrous irregular | connection; allows for 360 stretch and tension; in reticular dermis and capsules of organs |
elastic connective tissue | structural support; resistance to stretching; walls of arteries |
elastic cartilage | structural support; outer ear |
hyaline cartilage | structural support; ends of bones and epiphyseal plate |
fibrocartilage | structural support; intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis |
blood | transport |
hair | cylinder of keratin; root is in follicle, shaft, bulb, arrestor pili |
sebaceous glands | produce sebum, condition hair and skin, prevents water loss |
apocrine glands | axillary, genital areas; produce smelly organic substance |
eccrine glands | everywhere else; produce salty watery sweat |
fontanelles of fetal skull | posterior, anterior, sphenoid, and mastoid |
osteon | single circle unit; the whole tree, |
canaliculi | beatle legs, bone fingers, small canals |
lacuna | bone nest, where osteocyte lies, body of Beatle |
lamella | individual tree rings, |
myeloid tissue | in medullary cavity, bone marrow |
osteocyte | maintains bone matrix, lies in lucuna |
periosteum | outside of bone |
endosteum | lining of medullary cavity |
trabecula | the mesh of spongey bone, the sponge |
transverse canal | connects osteons, lie horizontally |
parietal bone (x2) | crown of head |
frontal bone | forehead |
temporal bone (x2) | on temples, below parietal |
occipital bone | base of skull |
ethmoid (x2) | outer nose bones, by the eyes |
nasal (x2) | nose bones |
maxillary (x2) | below your nose; part of jaw fused to skull |
zygomatic (x2) | cheekbone |
mandible | mobile jaw |
lacrimal (x2) | in front of ethmoid, inner corner of eye |
palatine (x2) | hinge of jaw, hard palate |
vomer | small nasal midline bone |
angle | corner |
body | main portion of bone |
condyle | rounded bump, usually a joint |
crest | moderately raised ridge; usually for muscle attachment |
epicondyle | bump near condyle, bump on bump |
facet | flat surface |
fissure | long crackled hole |
foramen | round hole |
head | distinct epiphysis |
line | less pronounced ridge |
margin | edge of flat bone |
meatus | tubelike opening or channel |
neck | base of head |
notch | V like depression in the margin of flat bone |
process | a raised area of projection |
ramus | curved portion of a bone |
sinus | cavity within a bone |
sulcus | groove or elongated depression |
spine | sharp ridge |
trochanter | largest bump |
tubercle | small bump |
tuberosity | oblong raised bump |
sesamoid bone | patella |
wormian bones | sutures of skull |
Pacinian corpuscles | pressure |
Ruffini’s corpuscles | slippage |
Thermoreceptors/ free nerve endings | hot/cold |
Meissners’ corpuscles | touch |
Merkel’s discs | texture |