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Cardio Emergencies
Cardiovascular Emergencies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pericardial Tamponade | Fluid build up under the pericardial sac which squeezes the heart causing it to be less effective Can lead to shock. |
| Pericarditis | An inflammation of the pericardial sac that surrounds the heart. Can be caused by Bacterial/viral infections or Trauma |
| Myocardium | Cardiac muscle |
| Myocardial Infarction (MI) | “Heart attack” Occurs when one or more areas of the heart muscle don't get enough oxygen and start to die. Not the same as Cardiac Arrest |
| Angina Pectoris | Chest pain or discomfort caused by ischemia (lack of oxygen) of the myocardium (heart muscle). Typically the result of obstruction or spasm of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. |
| Atherosclerosis | when cholesterol and lipid plaques form within the walls of arteries limiting the lumen and restricting flow |
| Coronary Artery Disease | the narrowing of the coronary arteries |
| Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) | The heart cannot adequately pump blood, Blood backs up into the major blood vessels that leads to the heart and certain organs. |
| Pulmonary Edema | Fluid in the lungs Left-sided CHF causes blood to backup in the lungs |
| Edema of the legs and feet | Right-sided CHF causes blood to backup legs Results in swelling of the leg and feet |
| Warfarin (Coumadin) | A common anticoagulant. Prevents clotting. Used by those at risk of clots due to conditions such as A-Fib. "blood thinner" |
| Arrhythmia | irregular heart beat or heart rhythm |
| Atrial fibrillation (A-fib) | the heart's upper chambers (the atria) beat chaotically and irregularly — out of sync with the lower chambers (the ventricles) of the heart. |
| Aneurysm | a localized dilation in a blood vessel Like a “bubble” that forms on an overinflated bicycle inner tube |
| Embolism | obstruction of an artery, typically by a clot of blood or an air bubble |
| Pulmonary Embolism | a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in your lungs. Patients will compensate by breathing fast For patients you suspect have pulmonary embolism, look for the presence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) | occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one or more of the deep veins in the body, usually in the legs. |
| Embolus | A blood clot, air bubble, piece of fatty deposit, or other object which has been carried in the bloodstream to lodge in a vessel and cause an embolism. |
| Apneic | a temporary cessation of breathing called apnea |
| AMI | Acute Myocardial Infarction |
| Silent Myocardial Infarction | AMI without the chest pain More common in women Easy to miss the symptoms Symptoms may be shortness of breath and fatigue |
| Aspirin (administration) | Check for allergies to aspirin Must be alert and able to swallow Avoid if recent Hx of GI bleed One 325 mg pill Write down the time |
| Nitroglycerin (administration) | 1 tab/spray SL every 5 min to max of 3 doses Must be patients own Rx SBP >120 |
| CPAP | Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Assists obstructive airway patients in keeping lungs inflated and breathing easier |
| Cardiovascular Emergency Procedure | Start ALS ABCD, SAMPLE Vitals every 5 mins Get prepared for arrest Position of comfort Ask about Nitro and consider Aspirin O2 if SpO2 <94% |
| Atrial flutter | heart's upper chambers (atria) beat too quickly |
| Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) | an irregularly fast or erratic heartbeat (arrhythmia) that affects the heart's upper chambers |
| Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) | disorganized heart signals cause the lower heart chambers (ventricles) to twitch (quiver) uselessly. |
| Ventricular tachycardia (VT or V-tach) | lower chambers of the heart beats too fast to pump well. The ventricle does not have enough time to fill properly. |
| Clopidogrel (Plavix) | used alone or with aspirin to prevent serious or life-threatening problems with the heart and blood vessels in people who have had a stroke, heart attack, or severe chest pain. |
| Dabigatran (Pradaxa) | used to prevent strokes and the formation of blood clots in patients who have an abnormal heart beat (atrial fibrillation) |
| infarct | a small localized area of dead tissue resulting from failure of blood supply. |
| Infarction | tissue death (necrosis) due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area. |
| Thrombosis | the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. |
| Stroke | poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic and hemorrhagic. |
| Aortic Dissection | the inner wall of the aorta tears away from the outer wall aorta is under very high pressure |
| Ischemic Stroke | A stroke due to lack of blood flow to brain |
| Hemorrhagic Stroke | A stroke due to bleeding in the brain Hemorrhage means an acute loss of blood from a damaged vessel |
| Commotio Cordis | A sudden death mechanism that occurs when the heart is impacted during the repolarization phase of the cardiac cycle (raise of the T wave). causes V-Fib Latin: agitation of the heart |
Created by:
danfar
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