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Medical Terminology

Chapter 12: Urinary System

QuestionAnswer
1. albumin/o protein
2. bacteri/o bacteria
3. cyst/o, vesic/o bladder or sac
4. glomerul/o glomerulus (small ball)
5. nephr/o, ren/o kidney
6. ureter/o ureter
7. kidneys two structures located on each side of the lumbar region that excrete urine, remove wastes from the blood, and reclaim important electrolytes and water
8. hilum indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave
9. renal artery one of two blood arteries that branch off the abdominal aorta that supplies the kidney with blood
10. renal cortex outer part of the kidney
11. renal medulla inner part of the kidney
12. nephron microscopi functional unit of the kidney; long comvoluted tubular structure consisting of the renal corpuscle (glomerulus and glomerular capsule), proximal tubule, nephron loop, and distal tubule
13. collecting duct tubule that connects the nephrons to the renal pelvis
14. renal pelvis basin-like portion of the ureter within the kidney
15. urinary bladder sac that holds the urine
16. creatinine waste product of muscle metabolism, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine
17. dysuria painful urination
18. nocturnal bed-wetting during sleep
19. hematuria presence of blood in the urine
20. enuresis involuntary discharge of urine, usually referring to a lack of bladder control
21. nephritis inflammation of the kidney
22. urethrocytosis inflammation of the urethra and bladder
23. urethral stenosis narrowed condition of the urethra
24. urinary tract infection (UTI) invasion of pathogenic organisms in the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder; symptoms include dysuria, urinary frequency, and malaise
25. renal angiogram x-ray image of the renal vessels obtained after injection of contrast dye
26. abdominal sonogram abdominal ultrasound image of the urinary tract, including the kidney and bladder
27. urinalysis physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
28. pH measure of acidity or alkalinity of urine
29. glucose chemical test used to detect sugar in the urine; most often used to screen for diabetes
30. ketones chemical test used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in the urine; positive test indicates that fats are being used by the body instead of carbohydrates, which occurs during starvation and uncontrolled diabetic state
Created by: Mutoni
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