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Neuro for Comm
Brain & cortex and subcortex
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Gyri definition | convolutions (wrinkles in brain) |
Sulci/fissure definition | depressions |
What can happen without gyri or sulci? | you may not have as much cognitive function as others |
What does the cerebrum contain? | 2 hemispheres where each one has a cerebral cortex and diencephalon |
What is included in the diencephalon? | thalamus and hypothalamus |
Where is the cerebrum? | outside and middle of the brain |
What does the brainstem contain? | mid-brain, pons, and medulla oblongata |
What does the cerebellum contain? | cerebellar hemispheres |
What is the cerebellum called and why? | the minibrain because it has 2 hemispheres |
What are the primary lobes of the brain? | frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes |
What are 2 other lobes that aren't the primary ones? | limbic lobe and insular lobe |
Where is the limbic lobe found? | C shape in the middle of the brain and can see in sagittal view of brain |
Limbic lobe function | emotions |
Where is the insular lobe found? | pull back the frontal and parietal bone from the temporal lobe |
Insular lobe function | taste center; gustation |
What are 3 types of fibres in white brain matter? | commissural fibres, projection fibres, and association fibres |
Commissural fibres function | connects the 2 brain hemispheres and is called corpus callosum |
Projection fibres function | convey impulses from remote regions to cerebral cortex and vise versa |
Association fibres function | interconnect various cortical regions in the same hemisphere |
What has gray brain matter? | cerebral cortex and subcortical nuclei |
What is included in subcortical nuclei? | basal ganglia, claustrum, and amygdaloid nucleus |
What are meninges? | membranes covering brain and spinal cord |
What are 3 meninges? | durameter, arachnoid, and piameter |
What's the durameter? | epidural and subdural space |
What's the arachnoid? | subarachnoid space where cerebrospinal fluid envelopes the brain and spinal cord |
What's the piameter? | closest meninge to the brain |
Primary somatosensory cortex function | sensation and proprioception |
Primary motor cortex function | motor control |
Primary auditory cortex function | auditory processing |
Broca's area function | speech and language expression |
Wernicke's area function | receptive language/comprehension |
Angular gyrus and PTO cortex | integrates sensory info for recognition/identification and is the reading center |
What's the homunculus? | representation of the body in the sensori-motor cortex |
Allocortex in cerebrum parts | olfactory bulb, hippocampus, fornix, and amygdala |
Olfactory bulb function | converting smells into signals |
What's the olfactory bulb tract? | axonal bundle from olfactory bulb to primary olfactory cortex in temporal lobe |
Hippocampus function | apart of limbic lobe and helps with the formation of memories |
Fornix function | limbic structure that helps connect hippocampus and hypothalamus & helps with visceral functions |
Amygdala function | visceral and vegetative functions as well as emotional responses |
Subcortex in cerebrum parts | basal ganglia nuclei, caudate nucleus, and lenticular nucleus |
Basal ganglia function | fine tuning and coordinating functions |
What does evidence show the basal ganglia and thalamus to be involved in? | language processing |
Diencephalon in cerebrum parts | thalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus, and hypothalamus |
Thalamus function | projection to cortex (relay to premotor, postcentral gyrus) and sensorimotor integration (receives input from cerebellum, optic tract) |
Epithalamus function | circadian rhythm circulation; linking olfactory system to brainstem |
Subthalamus function | relay of sensory information |
Hypothalamus function | coordination of autonomic nervous system w/endocrine pathway; participation in visual pathway |