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Unit 7 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Parallel Processing | The ability of the brain to simultaneously process incoming stimuli of differing quality. |
| Automatically Processing | Automatic processes are unconscious practices that happen quickly, do not require attention, and cannot be avoided. |
| Effortful Processing | Active processing of information that requires sustained effort. |
| Spacing Effect | When you space out learning information over a period of time |
| Serial Position Effect | Serial-position effect is the tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best, and the middle items worst. |
| Visual Encoding | Visual Encoding refers to the process by which we remember visual images. |
| Acoustic Encoding | The process of encoding sounds, words, and other auditory input for storage and retrieval |
| Semantic Encoding | When sensory information is encoded in a way that gives it meaning. |
| Iconic Memory | The storage for visual memory that allows people to visualize an image after the physical stimulus is no longer present. |
| Echoic Memory | The ultra-short-term memory for things you hear. |
| Long-term potentiation (LTP) | A process involving persistent strengthening of synapses that leads to a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between neurons. |
| Flashbulb Memory | An accurate and exceptionally vivid long-lasting memory for the circumstances surrounding learning about a dramatic event. |
| Explicit Memory | The conscious recollection of a previous episode, as in recall or recognition. |
| Proactive Interference | The interference effect of previously learned materials on the acquisition and retrieval of newer materials. |
| Retroactive Interference | Occurs when you forget a previously learnt task due to the learning of a new task. |
| Misinformation Effect | Creation of false memories by providing misleading information about an event after it takes place. |
| Algorithim | A well-defined procedure or set of rules that is used to solve a problem or accomplish a task or that is used for conducting a series of computations. |
| Heuristic | Heuristics can be thought of as general cognitive frameworks humans rely on regularly to quickly reach a solution. |
| Insight | Being able to see or understand something clearly. |
| Confirmation Bias | A type of cognitive bias that involves favoring information that confirms previously existing beliefs or biases. |
| Functional fixedness | A type of cognitive bias that involves a tendency to see objects as only working in a particular way. |
| Representative heuristic | Representative heuristic relies on stereotypes in order to make judgments on objects and people. |
| Availability Heuristic | is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method or decision. |
| Linguistic Determinism | The concept that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception. |
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