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Unit 5 Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Information-process theory | dreams help us sort out the day’s events and consolidate our memories. |
| REM rebound | the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation |
| Insomnia | a sleep disorder in which a person has recurring problems in falling or staying asleep |
| Narcolepsy | a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. These attacks are usually caused by excitement. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times. |
| Sleep apnea | a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings. |
| Night terrors | a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified |
| Delta waves | the larger, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep. |
| REM sleep | rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active |
| NREM sleep | non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep. |
| Stage one | lasts about 5 minutes, emit theta waves, may experience hallucinations and hynagogic sensations (feelings of floating or falling) |
| Alpha waves | the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state |
| Stage two | lasts for about 20 minutes, clearly asleep and experiencing sleep spindles (random bursts of activity) |
| Stage three | a transition stage into stage four, first emission of delta waves. |
| Stage four | the deepest stage of sleep in which it is hard to wake, lasts for about 30 minutes, emission of delta waves, sleep walking, bed wetting, etc. occur during this stage |
| Depressants | drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions |
| Barbiturates | a major tranquilizer that depresses the activity of the CNS, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment |
| Benzodiazepines | a minor/mild depressant that lowers anxiety and reduces stress |
| Opiates | opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. |
| Stimulant | drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions |
| Amphetamines | drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; also known as speed |
| Hallucinogens | psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input |
| LSD | a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide). |
| Alcohol | depressant, (Pleasure) initial high followed by relaxation and disinhibition (Adverse) depression, memory loss, organ damage, impaired reactions |
| Heroin | depressant, (Pleasure) rush of euphoria, relief from pain, (Adverse) depressed physiology, agonizing withdrawal |
| Caffeine | stimulant, (Pleasure) increased alertness and wakefulness, (Adverse) anxiety, restlessness, and insomnia in high doses; uncomfortable withdrawal |
| Methamphetamine ("speed", "ice") | stimulant, (Pleasure) euphoria, alertness, energy, (Adverse) irritability, insomnia, hypertension, seizures |
| Cocaine | stimulant, (Pleasure) rush of euphoria, confidence, energy (Adverse) cardiovascular stress, suspiciousness, depressive crash |
| Nicotine | stimulant, (Pleasure) arousal and relaxation, sense of well-being, (Adverse) heart disease, cancer (from tars) |
| Ecsstasy (MDMA) | stimulant;mild hallucinogen, (Pleasure) emotional elevation, disinhibition, (Adverse) dehydration, overheating, and depressed mood, cognitive, and immune functioning |
| Marijuana | mild hallucinogen, (Pleasure) enhanced sensation, relief of pain, distortion of time, relaxation, (Adverse) impaired learning and memory, increased risk of psychological disorders, and lung damage |
Created by:
margaret_05
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