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Module 2 PSW
Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does WHMIS stand for? | Workplace Hazardous Material Information System |
| What Act protects workers from workplace hazards? | Occupational Health and Safety Act |
| What are your responsibilities un the OHS Act? | Participate in training and education, follow policy, report hazards and use PPE. |
| What is the best method of sterilization of a medical instrument? | Autoclave |
| What are symptoms of an infection? | Fever, nausea, vomiting, sores, rash, pain, tenderness, redness, fatigue, loss of appetite, diarrhea and swelling. |
| A clean area has? | No visible contaminants. |
| What is the correct sequence of action to be taken by a worker if a fire is detected? | RACE: Remove the Client, Alert the fire department, Contain the fire, and Extinguish the fire. |
| Direct contact between a client and healthcare provider is? | Repositioning, bathing, giving meds, grooming, feeding ADLS |
| In LTC the most common vehicle for spread of microorganisms are? | food, water, meds, invasive equipment (handrails, lifts w/c etc) |
| Indirect contact with a healthcare provider is? | linen, w/c, utensils and equipment |
| Examples of Nosocomial Infections are? | C-Dif, MRSA, UTI,VRE and Influenza and they are caught while in a hospital , clinic, LTC, and homecare. They are multi-resistant organisms. |
| Sterilization | Process of destroying all microorganisms and spores. |
| Disinfection | Process of destroying pathogens |
| Clean | No visible dirt or contaminants |
| Dirty | Visible dirt and contaminants |
| What three elements are needed for the spread of fire? | heat source, oxygen and fuel |
| What can be done to minimize risk of falls? | non-slip shoes and socks, clean up spills, remove obstacles, well fitting clothes. Also checking client history of falls doesn't hurt. Also keep bed low as possible and call bell within reach. |
| what are 3 classifications of restraints? | Chemical, Physical and Environmental |
| What are 3 alternative distractions? | Diversion, Distraction and decrease noise and stimulation. |
| How do you properly support someone with with balance issues? | proper non-slip footwear, assistive devices and walking with them. |
| What are the 3 types of burns? | Superficial-1st degree epidermis affected Partial-2nd degree epidermis and dermis affected Full Thickness- 3rd degree epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer affected |
| what are 3 ambulation devices? | crutches, cane and walker |
| Active Range of Motion | Client performs ROM on their own |
| Passive Range of Motion | Client needs assistance to perform ROM. |
| What are 3 types of joints? | Ball and socket: hip, shoulder moves all around hinge and joint:knee, elbow moves one direction pivot joint: spine moves side to side |
| What do pathogens need to grow? | Water, Nourishment and oxygen |
| Microorganisms need this to grow? | Warmth and darkness |
| Transfer | Moving a client from one place to another when the client can bear their own body weight. |
| Reposition | Changing the position of the client but not changing their location. |
| Mechanical Lift | Moving a client who is unable to bear their own weight from one place to another using a mechanical device with 2 staff members assistance. |
| Range of Motion ROM | The extent in which a joint can be moved without causing pain. |
| Flexion | Bending a joint |
| Abduction | Moving a arm or leg away from the body. |
| Adduction | Moving a arm or leg towards the body. |
| Proper Body Mechanics | Moving the body in an efficient and careful way. Involves good posture, balance and using your strongest and largest muscles for work. Reduces risk of injury. |
| Body Alignment | Concerning posture- is the way the head, trunk, arms and legs are aligned with one another. Allows for body to move and function with strength and efficiency. |
| Body Balance | Achieved when a relatively low centre of gravity is balanced over a wide and stable base of support. |
| Base of Support | Area on which the the object rests , feet are shoulder width apart with toes pointing forward, lunge(stride) stance with one foot ahead. |
| Friction | Is the rubbing of one surface against another. |
| Shearing | Is when the skin sticks to the surface while muscles slide in the direction the body is moving. |
| Reduce Friction/Shearing by? | By rolling or lifting client in bed, using friction reducing equipment ex. turning pad and slider board. |
| When moving client? | Provide privacy, protect tubes/drainage containers, position the client in good alignment after moving and make sure bed etc is wrinkle free. |
| Log Rolling | Clients with spinal injury or surgery often need to keep spine in straight alignment to prevent further injury. Client needs to be rolled as one unit. |
| Rolled | Clients without spinal injury can be rolled. |
| Turning | Clients are turned to their sides to help prevent complications from bed rests such as sores, pain and ulcers. Pillows are used for support. They are also turned for procedures and care measures. |
| Stretchers | Used to transport clients who cannot sit up, just had surgery, seriously ill, must stay in lying position. A sliding board is generally used with as 3 staff members. Stretcher is moved feet first with a caregiver checking breathing and colour of client. |
| Moving Client to side of bed: | it is done for repositioning and care procedures. Minimizes need to reach over the client. You need to dangle their legs for 1-5 minutes to help prevent client from being dizzy or faint. |
| Sitting on side of bed involves: | Client should cough and take deep breaths, move legs in circles. Two workers needed , monitor breathing, dizziness, pulse, and skin colour. Make sure to record observations if they needed assistance and how long and well they tolerated it. |
| Fowlers position | Semi-sitting to upright sitting position in bed. Legs slightly bent and arms supported. |
| Low Fowlers position | Raise head of bed to an angle of 15-30 degrees. Clients head and shoulders can alternatively be raised with pillows. |
| Semi-Fowlers position | Raise head of bed to 30-45 degrees, reposition the clients shoulder and head on the pillow. Foot of bed may be raised at the knee so client doesn't slide. |
| High Fowlers position | Raise head of bed 45-90 degrees , reposition shoulder and head on pillow. Good position for bed pan, eating and drinking. |
| Supine | Back lying position |
| Lateral | Side lying position |
| Sims | Left side laying position, laying on abdomen, head to side, one leg bent. Often used for personal care and enema. |
| Prone | front laying on abdomen, head turned to one side. Only used for a short period of time. |
| Sitting position | Upper body and head are erect . Support arms and keep knees and calves away from edge of seat. |
| Bed Rest | Reduce physical activity, regain strength, reduce pain, encourage rest, promote healing |
| Strict Bed Rest | The client must remain in bed at all times and be assisted with all ADLS. They use bed pan, urinal or brief. |
| Bed Rest with commode privleges | Some ADLS are permitted ex. feeding, oral hygiene and they can use a commode beside the bed. |
| Brace | Apparatus worn to support or align weak body parts to prevent or correct problems with musoskeletal system. |
| Contracture | lack of joint mobility caused by abnormal shortening of the muscle. |
| Deconditioning | Loss of muscle size, strength and function. Results from immobility and inactivity. |
| Dorsiflexion | Bending the toes and foot up at the ankle. |
| Extension | Straightening of a body part. |
| External rotation | Turning of joint outwards |
| Foot drop | Foot drops at the ankle. |
| Hyper extension | Excessive straightening of a body part. |
| Immobility | Excessive lack of exercise and immobility affecting a body system. |
| Internal Rotation | Turning of the joint inwards. |
| Orthastic Hypotension | Sudden drop in blood pressure when a client stands up . |
| Plantar Flexion | Foot is bent away from the ankle with the toes pointed away from the leg. |
| ROM | Range of Motion, moving a joint to the farthest extent possible without causing pain. |
| Rotation | Turning of the joint. |
| Syncope | Brief loss of consciousness. |
| Bed Boards | Placed under the mattress to prevent sagging. |
| Foot Boards | Placed at the foot of the bed to prevent Plantar Flexion which can lead to foot drop. Can also serves as bed cradles to keep linens off of feet. |
| Trochanter Rolls | Prevents hips and legs from rolling outwards. They are made by folding sheets to desired length and rolling them. Loose end is placed under client and the roll is tucked alongside the body. Sand bags and pillows are also used sometimes. |
| Flat Bones | Protects the Organs |
| Short Bones | Allow skill and ease in movement. |
| Long Bones | Bear the weight of the body. |
| Irregular Bones | Allows various degrees of movement and flexibility. |
| Pronation | Turning downwards. |
| Rotation | Turning head side to side. |
| Radial Flexion | Turning hand towards thumb. |
| Dorsiflexion | Pull foot forward and push down on bed at same time. |
| Lateral Flexion | Move head to the right and left |
| Opposition | Touch each fingertip to thumb. |
| Ulnar Flexion | Turn hand towards little fingers |
| Supination | Turn inside of foot, hand or arm up and outside down. Turning upwards. |
| External Rotation | Moving forearm towards head. |
| What are the three types of ROM | Active: The client does them by themselves. Passive:The caretaker does all ROM for the client. Active-assist:The client does the exercises with the help of another person. |
| A client using a cane should: | 1]Move cane forward 15-20cm 2]Move unaffected leg forward 3]Then move affected leg forward |
| Function of nervous system | Transmits signal from brain to the rest of the body and organs. |
| What is the sensory system? | Part of the nervous system that processes the senses such as smell and sight. |
| What are Gross and Fine motor skills? | Gross involves large muscles and Fine involve smaller muscles. |
Created by:
Katie A
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