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psych chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Learning | change in an organism's behavior or thought as a result of experience |
| Classical Conditioning | learning through association of paired stimuli |
| who identified classical conditioning | Ivan Pavlov |
| % features of classical conditioning | 1. Neutral Stimulus 2. Unconditioned Stimulus 3. Unconditioned Response 4. Conditioned Stimulus 5. Conditioned Response |
| Neutral stimulus | until conditioned to pair with something else, the NS has no impact 1. no biologically imperative response 2. non-threatening, non-activating |
| What does unconditioned stimulus lead to? | leads to unconditioned response reflexively, automatically |
| acquisition | phase when CR is established (new association is acquired/learned) |
| extinction | reduction/elimination of CR after CS presented repeatedly without UCS |
| Spontaneous Recovery | when conditioning returns (often less strong) after having been previously extinguished |
| Renewal effect | when conditioning extinguished in one context re-appears in another |
| Stimulus generalization | similar CS's eliciting same CR (different bell pitch giving the same response) |
| Stimulus discrimination | when CS are too different and no longer elicit the same CR (or any response at all) |
| preparedness | when a stimulus is easily associated due to its type |
| latent inhibition | when conditioning difficult to establish due to prior or other frequent encounters with NS by itself |
| Higher Order Conditioning | process of developing classically conditioned responses to CS's associated with original CS |
| Operant conditioning | aka "instrumental conditioning" learning controlled by the consequences of the animals voluntary behavior |
| consequences | can be good, bad, neutral, exciting, boring |
| Law of effect | If we're rewarded for a response to a stimulus, we're more likely to repeat that response to the stimulus in the future. |
| reinforcement | increases probability of behavior |
| punishment | decreases probability of behavior |
| positive | giving or adding a stimulus |
| negative | removing or taking away stimulus |
| positive reinforcement | adding some stimuli to the subject which is meant to increase the desired behavior |
| negative reinforcement | removing some stimuli, which is then meant to increase the desired behavior |
| positive punishment | adding some stimuli which is meant to decrease an undesirable behavior |
| negative punishment | removing some stimuli, which is then meant to decrease an undesirable behavior |
| which is more effective punishment or reinforcement | reinforcement is more effective |
| reinforcement schedule | refers to a pattern of delivering reinforcers |
| continuous reinforcement | consequences linked to behavior every time |
| partial reinforcement | consequences occur some of the time |
| ratio | reinforcement administered based on the number of behaviors committed |
| interval | reinforcement administered based on time spans |
| observational learning | learning through watching others |
Created by:
chloemcmillin
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