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Urinary System
Chapter 12: Urinary System
Question | Answer |
---|---|
albumin/o | protein |
cyst/o | bladder or sac |
dips/o | thirst |
ket/o & keton/o | ketone bodies |
meat/o | meatus |
pyel/o | renal pelvis |
vesic/o | bladder or sac |
renal cortex | outer part of the kidney |
hilium | indented opening in the kidney where the vessels enter and leave |
renal medulla | inner part of the kidney |
calyces or calices | funnel-shaped ducts that carry urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis |
nephron | functional unit of the kidney |
collecting duct | tubule that connects the nephrons to the renal pelvis |
glomerulus | small ball-shaped cluster of capillaries located at the top of each nephron |
Bowman/ glomerular capsule | top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus |
renal tubule | stem portion of the nephron |
renal pelvis | basin-like portion of the ureter w/i the kidney |
ureteropelvic junction | point of connection b/w the renal pelvis and the ureter |
urethral meatus | opening in the urethra to the outside of the body |
urea | waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine |
creatinine | waste product of muscle metabolism, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine |
albuminuria/proteinuria | presence of albumin in urine; happens in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercise |
anuria | no peeing |
dysuria | pain while peeing |
enuresis | involuntary discharge of urine, usually referring to a lack of urinary bladder control |
nocturnal enuresis | bed-wetting |
hematuria | presence of blood in the urine |
stress urinary incontinence | involuntary of discharge or urine with coughing, sneezing and/or strained exercise |
ketonuria | presence of ketone bodies in the urine |
ketones bodies / compounds | acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid; products of metabolism that appear in the urine from the body's abnormal utilization of carbs; happens in diabetes and starvation |
oliguria | decreased urine production |
polyuria | peeing too much |
Adult polycystic kidney disease | inherited condition; multiple cysts that gradually form in the kidney, causing destruction of normal tissue that leads to renal failure |
glomerulonephritis | inflammation of nephrons and glomerulus |
hydronephrosis | pooling of urine in dilated areas of the renal pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys caused by an obstructed outflow of urine |
pyelonephritis | inflammation of renal pelvis |
nephrosis | degenerative disease of the renal tubules |
nephrolithiasis | kidney stones |
cystitis | inflammation of the bladder |
urethrocystitis | inflammation of the urethra and bladder |
urethral stenosis | narrowed urethra |
uremia; azotemia | excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood caused by kidney failure |
intravenous pyelogram (IVP)/ intravenous urogram (IVU) | x-ray image of the urinary tract obtained after an iodine contrast dye has been injected into the bloodstream; the contrast passes thru the kidney and may reveal an obstruction, evidence of trauma or some other pathology |
scout film | plain-film x-ray images obtained to detect any obvious pathology before further imaging |
retrograde pyelogram/retrograde urogram | x-ray image of the bladder, ureters and renal pelvis obtained after contrast dye had been injected up to the kidney by way of a small catheter; detects kidney stones |
voiding cystourethrogram | x-ray image of someone peeing |
urine occult blood | chemical test for hidden blood on urine |
urobilinogen | chemical test used to test bile pigment in the urine |