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BIO 324 Urinary

urinary system

QuestionAnswer
What is urolitiasis? kidney stones
What are risk factors for urolithiasis? white race, male, family hisotry, foods, diet
What are the type of urolithiasis stones? calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine
The most common type of urolithiasis is... calcium oxalate
What is the clinical presentation of urolithiasis? pain in the flank area that radiates to groin, hematuria, fever (rare), n+v
What studies can diagnose urolithiasis? urinalysis, CBC, spiral CT scan, KUB x-ray
What are types of treatment for urolithiasis? pass on own, analgesics for pain, hydration, antibiotics, surgery
How can kidney stones be prevented? drink more water, less iced tea/chocolate/nuts/coffee, increase citrus intake
What are risk factors for UTIs? females, immunosuppressed, indwelling catheters, HAI
What is the most common route for a UTI? ascending route
What is the most common pathogen of community acquired UTI? E. coli
What are UTI symptoms? suprapubic tenderness, CVA tenderness, fever, hematuria, flank pain, frequent/urgent peeing
What is benign prostatic hyperplasia related to? age
What are symptoms of BPH? frequent urge to urinate, increased peeing at night, weak urine stream, dribbling at end of urinating
What are diagnostic tests for BPH? urinalysis + urine culture, BUN + creatinine, prostate specific antigen, digital rectal exam, transrectal ultrasound, cystocopy
How is BPH treated? medications to shrink prostate, TURP (transurethral resection of prostate)
What are s+s of polycystic kidney disease? history of UTIs and stones, family history, palpable kidneys, hematuria
What will a urinalysis show if a patient has PKD? hematuria and proteinuria
How is PKD managed? low protein diet, continuous surveillance, kidney transplant if needed
What is the pathogen that causes acute glomerularnephritis? streptococcus
What are s+s of glomerularnephritis? sudden hematuria, oliguria (scant urine), acute renal failure
How is GN managed? treatment of symptoms, fluid overload, and HTN
What is urge incontinence? caused by rise in detrusor pressure that's associated with a strong urge to void
What are causes of urge incontinence? overactive bladder, UTI, bladder calculus
What is stress incontinence? sudden rise in intra-abdominal pressure overcomes urethral closure pressure
What causes stress incontinence? sneezing, coughing
What is overflow incontinence? continued filling of bladder causing intravesicle pressure to overcome urethral resistance
What causes overflow incontinence? retention
What is acute renal failure? sudden and usually reversible decline in GFR (increased BUN + creatinine; decreased urine output)
What are the top two causes of ARF? pre-renal disease, acute tubular necrosis
What is prerenal disease in terms of ARF? decrease in blood volume r/t blood loss, hemorrhage, or fluid loss
What are s+s of ARF? hypovolemia (hypotension, tachycardia, thirst, dry mucus membrnes/skin) and overload (edema)
What are common lab findings in ARF? BUN and creatinine elevated, urine is highly concentrated
How is ARF treated? fluids (IV NSS), intake + output, VS, treat the cause
What is chronic renal failure? decreased kidney function for more than 3 months
What are risks for CRF? diabetes, HTN, glomerulonephritis
What are s+s of CRF? metallic taste, fatigue, n+v, irritability
How is CRF managed? protein restriction, control diabetes or HTN, no NSAIDs, stop smoking
What are s+s of renal cell cancer? hematuria, abdominal mass/flank mass, scrotal varices, anemia, hypercalcemia
How is renal cancer treated? radical nephrectomy
Bladder cancer is the *blank* most common cancer in men. 4th
What is the most common test completed to diagnose bladder cancer? cystoscopy
What is the gold standard for prostate cancer diagnosis? biopsy
Created by: kristina2992
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