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evolution
2022
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Evolution | any change in the heritable traits within a population across generations |
| Darwin's theory of evolution | all species arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive and reproduce |
| Divergent | species evolve from common ancestor but over time changed to become new species eg. dogs and foxes evolved from wolves |
| Convergent | different species over time develop and evolve to have similar traits but remain separate species eg. birds, bats, butterflies have wings |
| Coevolution | species reciprocally influence the evolution of another species eg. impalas run faster, lions hunt faster |
| Mutation | small random changes in DNA, harmful, beneficial or no impact. New mutations arise in each generation through reproduction |
| Variation | difference in traits between individuals of same species |
| Natural selection | better variations of a population survive and reproduce in greater numbers, become more common |
| Artificial selection | evolution through breeding organisms with specific/desirable traits |
| Selection pressure | challenges that affect an organism's ability to survive in particular environment eg. predators, disease, weather |
| Survival of the fittest | adaptations and characteristics better fitted to particular environment will survive |
| Species | group of organisms which reproduce with one another to produce fertile offspring |
| Speciation | development of new species, occurs when a group within a specie separates from its species and develops unique characteristics |
| Reproductive isolation | occurs when two populations can no longer interbreed |
| Geographical | become separated by a physical barrier such as rivers, mountains |
| Behavioural | isolated by differences in mating behaviour |
| Temporal | isolated because they reproduce at different times |
| Fossil record | shows increasing number of species that have lived on earth, increased biodiversity supports the theory of evolution as it is expected species split over time |
| Comparative DNA | comparing sections of DNA in different species, shown organisms which seem different have large sections of identical DNA |
| Comparative embryology | comparing embryos, study development, structure and function of embryos, show striking similarities in early stages of development |
| Comparative anatomy | compares the structure of organisms of both living species and fossils, homologous structures |
| Biogeography | continents now separated by ocean, distribution of species, containing identical fossil species were once connected in the past |
| Homologous structure | similar physical features in organisms that share common ancestor, but features serve different functions |
| Analogous structure | have similar functions but different evolution origins |
Created by:
veronical.e
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