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Medical Term 15
Medical Terms Chapter 5
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Aphasia | Inability to speak |
Ataxia | Lack of coordination |
Catatonia | Reduced muscle tone |
Delirium | Brief loss of mental function |
Dementia | Loss/decline in mental function |
Dysphasia | Difficulty speaking |
Dystonia | Involuntary muscle movements |
Myoclonus | Muscle twitching |
Myospasm | Involuntary muscle contraction |
Somnambulsim | Sleep walking |
Syncope | Fainting: loosing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to brain |
Cephalalgia | Head pain |
Cephalodynia | Head Pain |
Encephalalgia | Brain Pain |
Nerualgia | Nerve Pain |
Neurodynia | Nerve Pain |
Hemiparesis | Partial paralysis on half the body |
Hemiplegia | Paralysis on half the body |
Monoparesis | Partial paralysis of one limb |
Monoplegia | Paralysis of one limb |
Paralysis | Complete loss of sensation and motor function |
Paresis | Partial paralysis by varying degrees of sensation and motor function |
Causalgia | Painful sensation of burning |
Dysesthesia | Bad feeling |
Hyperesthesia | Increased sensation |
Paresthesia | Abnormal sensation (numbness or tingling in the skin) |
Pseudesthesia | False sensation |
Synesthesia | Condition where one sensation is experienced as another |
Acrophobia | Fear of hights |
Agoraphobia | Fear of outdoor spaces |
Hydrophobia | Fear of water |
Kleptomania | Desire to steal |
Photophobia | Excessive sensitivity to light |
Pyromania | Desire to set fire |
Echoencephalography | Procedure used to examine the brain using sound waves |
Electroencephalography | Procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain |
Lumbar Puncture (LP) | Inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid, commonly called a spinal tap |
Cerebral Angiography | Procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain |
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) | Procedure used to examine blood vessels |
Myelogram | Imagine of the spinal cord, usually done using x-ray |
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan | An imaging procedure that uses radiation (positrons) to produce cross sections of the brain |
Transcranial doppler sonography | An imaging technique that produces an image of the brain using sound waves sent through the skull |
Cerebellitis | Inflammation of the cerebellum |
Cerebral atrophy | Wasting away of brain tissue |
Duritis | Inflammation of the dura |
Encephalocele | Hernia of the brain |
Hematoma | A tumorlike mass made up of blood |
Cranial hematoma | A hematoma beneath the skull |
Epidural hematoma | A hematoma located on top of the dura |
Intracerebral hematoma | A hematoma located inside the brian |
Subdural hematoma | A hematoma located beneath the dura |
Macrocephaly | Abnormally large head |
Microcephaly | Abnormally small head |
Meningocele | A hernia of the meninges |
Myelocele | A hernia of the spinal cord |
Myelomalacia | Abnormal softening of the spinal cord |
Myelomeningocele | A hernia of the spinal cord and meninges |
Neuritis | Nerve inflammation |
Neuroma | A nerve tumor |
Neurosclerosis | Hardening or nerves |
Polyneuritis | Inflammation of multiple nerves |
Agnosia | Inability to comprehend |
Apathy | Lack of emotion |
Hyperkinesia | Increase in muscle movement or activity |
Neurasthenia | Nerve weakness |
Neuroglycopenia | Deficiency of sugar that interferes with normal brain activity |
Nystagmus | Involuntary back and forth eye movements |
Prosopagnosia | Inability to recognize faces |
Anesthesiologist | Doctor who specializes in anesthesiology |
Afferent nerve | A nerve that carries impulses toward the central nervous system |
Efferent nerve | A nerve that carries impulses away the central nervous system |
Neurogenic | Originating from/created by nerves |
Psychiatrist | Doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind |
Psychiatry | Branch of medicine that focuses on the treatment of the mind |
Psychogenic | Originating in/created by the mind |
Psychologist | Doctor who specializes in the study of the mind |
Psychosomatic | Pertaining to the relationship between the body and the mind |
Idiopathic | Having no known cause or origin |
Interictal | Time between seizures |
Postictal | Time after a seizure |
Preictal | Time before a seizure |
Tonic | Pertaining to muscle tone (normally weak or unresponsive0 |
Clonus | Muscle spasm or twitching |
Tonic-clonic seizure | A seizure characterized by both a tonic and a clonic phase |
Cerebrovascular | An accident involving the blood vessels of the brain |
Stroke | Loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow/supply of the brain |
Hermorrhagic | A stroke where the blood loss is caused by the rapture of a blood vessel |
Ischemic stroke | A stroke where the blood loss is caused by a blockage |
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) | A "mini-stroke" caused by the blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves (goes away) within 24 hours |
Cerebrovascular disease | A disease of the blood vessels of the brian |
Cerebral aneurysm | The widening of abnormal dilation of a blood vessel in the brian |
Cerebral arteriosclerosis | The hardening of an artery in the brain |
Cerebral atherosclerosis | The hardening of an artery in the brain caused by the buildup of fatty plaque |
Cerebral embolism | The blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a foreign object |
Cerebral thrombosis | The blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a blood clot |
Craniomalacia | Abnormal softening of the skull |
Craniosclerosis | Abnormal hardening of the skull |
Craniostenosis | Abnormal narrowing of the skull |
Craniosynostosis | Premature fusing of the skull bones |
Hydrocephaly | Abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain |
Astrocytoma | A tumor of arising from astrocyte glial cells |
Ganglioma | Ganglion tumor |
Glioblastoma | A brain tumor arising from glioblast cells |
Meningioma | Tumor of the meninges |
Cerebellitis | Inflammation of the cerebellum |
Cerebromeningitis | Inflammation of the brain and meninges |
Encephalitis | Inflammation of the brian |
Encephalopathy | Disease of the brain |
Encephalopyosis | A pus-filled abscess in the brain |
Gangliitis | Inflammation of a ganglion |
Intracerebral hemorrhage | Excessive bleeding inside the brain |
Meningopathy | Disease of the meninges |
Meningitis | Inflammations of the meninges |
Meningoencephalitis | Inflammation of the meninges and brain |
Myelitis | Inflammation of the spinal cord |
Myelodysplasia | Defective formation of the spinal cord |
Myelopathy | Disease of the spinal cord |
Neuroarthropathy | Disease of the joint associated with nerves |
Neuroencephalomyelopathy | Disease of the nerves, brains, and spinal cord |
Neuropathy | Disease of the nervous system |
Poliomyelitis | Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord |
Polyneuropathy | Disease affecting multiple nerves |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | A degenerative disease of the central nervous system causing loss of muscle control |
Anorexia | An eating disorder characterized by the patients refusal to eat |
Autism | A psychiatric disorder characterized by withdrawal from communication with others |
Bulimia | An eating disorder characterized by overeating and usually followed by forced vomiting |
Cerebral palsy | Paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement |
Dysphoria | A negative emotional state |
Epilepsy | A disease marked by seizures |
Euphoria | A positive emotional state |
Hypomania | A mental state just below mania |
Manic depression (bipolar) | A psychiatric disorder characterized by alternating bouts of excitement and depression |
Myasthenia | Muscle weakness |
Narcolepsy | A disease characterized by sudden uncontrolled sleepiness |
Neurosis | A nerve condition |
Psychosis | A mind condition |
Psychopathy | A mental illness |
Schizophrenia | A mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech |