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Vision 2-4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Visual Field | Amount of space you can see in your field |
| How many degrees can we see vertically? | 130 degrees |
| How many degrees can we see horizontally? | 200 degrees |
| Degrees of visual angle | Things that are closer appear larger, take up more visual angle. Amount of degrees in visual field than an object takes up |
| Rule of thumb | Arm's length, straight ahead, thumb encompasses about 2% of visual angle |
| Rods | good at picking up movement, ex. faint stars, better to look with periphery because rods pick it up better |
| M scaling letters | Scaled to match the acuity you have for your periphery vision |
| Eye movements | Rely on these to refix our fovea to make out tiny details within a scene. Make about 30,000 a day, some of the strongest muscles |
| Does visual system go to brain stem? | No, it goes to the thalamus |
| Spatial resolution | ability to resolve that there are 2 different spots across space. How much detail you can see, more pixels, higher spatial resolution, has to deal with cone density |
| Luminance | Brightness |
| Sine wave | Function, can relate to cone density. 1 oscillation, can define stimulus by cycles per degree |
| 20/20 vision | distance at which a person with normal vision can identify |
| What side of the brain does info from the left visual field go to? | It goes to the right brain |
| What side of the brain does info from the right visual field go to? | It goes to the left brain |
| after exiting eye, where does info go to? | Goes to the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus, then travels through the optic radiation axons into the striate cortex also known as occipital lobe also known as V1, primary visual cortex. |
| Retinotopic | In occipital lobe, more neurons in fovea, less as it gets further away, highest acuity in fovea because it has more neurons |
| Visual crowding | Deals with perception, the more visual crowding the harder to spot details |
| Monocular cues | cognitive mechanism, depth cues that only require one eye |
| binocular cues | cognitive mechanism, depth cues that require both eyes |
| occlusion | when objects overlap, one object is blocked, occluded, object that is blocked is presumed to be behind the object that's blocking it, gives relative distance |
| Relative size | for a given object that takes more space on retina, takes bigger space, we perceive to be closer, measure of closeness by how big, judge distance |
| Texture gradient | depending on how its arranged, we may not use relative size or not. If there's a sense of pattern of items above appearing smaller than yes, otherwise no |
| Relative height | objects that are higher up or elevated from ground appear farther away |
| Relative height and relative size | if objects that are higher up are the same size as objects that are lower, we perceive the object that is higher up as being larger |
| Familiar size | we are familiar with objects in our world and have a preconceived notion for how large they are, assume sizes |
| Aerial perspective | take atmosphere into perspective, farther away looks fainter and fainter because of atmosphere |
| Linear perspective | we imagine lines within a given scene and lines give clues about depth, closer to vanishing point, farther away., know lines remain parallel |
| Motion parallax (relative motion) | judge distance as objects pass by, the objects that are farther away move slower |
| light and shadow | probably evolutionary, natural human bias, assume that light sources come from above, not always the case, hardwired to assume |
| Accommodation and vergence | Convergence, eyeballs shift in, divergence, eyeballs shift out, brain keeps track of angle of eye, judges distance or gives clues of distance based on angle |
| Binocular disparity | difference between both eyes, sometimes called retinal disparity, closer on outside of retina, farther, on inside of retina |
| External attention | attending to something external to you/your environment |
| internal attention | paying attention to your internal mind |
| overt attention | it's obvious what you're paying attention to |
| covert attention | unknown/unclear what you're paying attention to |
| visual covert attention | ex. looking straight ahead but the focus is on the object in the corner of your eye |
| inattentional blindness | you are "blind" to the things you are inattentive to |
| change blindness | when we see two similar pictures, it's hard to detect the changes |
| Posner task | stare at cross in middle square, slide changes, glowing square, slide changes, blue star appears, asked where star is, if star was on same side as glowing square, responds faster in quick succession, test of covert visual attention |
| Exogenous cues | cues represent what they mean, ex. glowing white left cube means look |
| endogenous cues | symbolic cues, ex. a red cross means look at the left square |
| Reaction time | how quick you're thinking, measure of the mind |
| facilitation | valid cue facilitates response time |
| RSVP task, rapid serial visual presentation | letters flash on screen one at a time every 100 ms, some letters are in red, participants asked to focus on, asked what letters they recall, if lay between each letter is 200 ms, effectively blind, when come right after each other, can't help but notice |
| 500 ms, one tile between RSVP task | at 500 ms it improves to the 100 ms initial reaction, spike of attention fades after 100 ms, this task measures temporal attention |
Created by:
lilynoellehutch
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