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Psychology Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In what way is psychology connected to the natural sciences and different than other social sciences? | It explores biological explanations for human behavior |
| One way clinical psychologists differ from counseling psychologists is that | they are more likely to diagnose and treat people with emotional disturbances than counseling psychologists |
| Humanism differs from behaviorism and psychoanalysis in that it | does not view humans as being controlled by external events or unconscious forces. |
| Which of the following best explains why the experiments of Wilhelm Wundt are historically important in the field of psychology? | He was the first to use systematic procedure to study human behavior |
| A complex explanation based on findings from a large number of experimental studies is | a theory |
| What would be the best title listed for the diagram above? | Basic methods of social scientific reasoning |
| What do the APA's ethical principles say about the use of deception in research? | Deception should be used only if no better alternative is available |
| Why do countries with lower literacy rates tend to have a later average age of menarche for girls? | In countries with lower literacy rates, children are more likely to work harder physically, which delays menarche. |
| Marta, an average teen, has moved to a different town and is now trying to choose new friends. What is likely to be true of these friends? | They are likely to have values similar to those of her parents. |
| What conclusion can you draw from Jean Piaget's research? | Intelligence develops as children grow. |
| Erik Erikson theorized that | the conflicts that individuals face during adolescence may arise many times during their lives. |
| Jeremy's family raised him using a permissive parenting style, which outcome is most likely? | If Jeremy begs for a new electronic gadget, his parents nearly always buy it for him, and he feels entitled. |
| Which of the following is a criticism of Piaget? | Some psychologists think Piaget underestimated the abilities of infants. |
| One of the most likely factors in determining whether a person will get Alzheimer's disease is | genetic susceptibility. |
| In order for a marriage to last, what is the best way for the couple to handle conflict? | Focus on solving problems together |
| Which of the following attitudes is based on a decremental model of aging? | As people grow older, there is little they can do to slow down their mental decline. |
| Cognitive development | Involves the growth of thought processes that help children understand their world. |
| What is the world's largest society of psychologists and educators that connects their various careers and subgroups into one organization? | American Psychological Association |
| Which of the following is credited with pioneering the psychoanalytic approach to psychology? | Sigmund Freud |
| When a psychologist derives results from experimentation and observation, the results are called | empirical data |
| If a person experiences mood swings, lack of energy, and depression, a likely cause is | hormonal imbalances |
| If a person's sleep cycle is disrupted and his reproductive functions are inhibited, there is likely a problem with his | pineal gland |
| Neodissociation is a term that is associated with | hypnosis |
| A sensation may be combined with other sensations and past experiences to yield a | perception |
| Alisha is a 17-year-old that uses behavior modification to help her grades in high school. She decides that each evening she will allow herself to use social media only after completing her class assignments. What has she developed? | a behavioral contract |
| Which of the following causes people to forget? | interference |
| A fixed set of procedures used in problems solving is called | an algorithm |
| Which of the following best explains the term linguistic relativity? | Language affects our basic perceptions of the physical world. |
| Dr. Garcia is a psychologist who says that we are motivated by what we will achieve by our behavior. For example, if we work long hours, we earn more money. To which theory does Dr. Garcia subscribe? | Incentive |
| Which of the following lists Maslow's hierarchy of needs in their correct order from lowest to highest? | fundamental needs, psychological needs, self-actualization needs |
| Lena drinks water after running because she is thirsty. How would you best describe her motivation? | extrinsic motivation |
| Grace knows that she is confident and analytical but also knows that she needs to improve her communication skills. According to Howard Gardner, what kind of intelligence is she showing? | intrapersonal |
| A college admissions test designed to find out whether an individual would make a good software engineer based on that individual's skills is an example of an | aptitude test |
| The consistent, enduring, and unique characteristics of a person are known as | personality |
| Which of the following is one of the major purposes of personality theory? | to explain the differences among individuals |
| In which type of disorder does the victim usually experience the first attack after a stressful event? | panic disorder |
| Somatoform disorders are characterized by | physical symptoms brought about by psychological distress |
| Samuel's mood typically alternates between elation and depression. He likely suffers from | bipolar disorder |
| Which of the following might be a disadvantage of categorizing and labeling people by their mental disorders? | May permanently affix labels to and stigmatize a person |
| How have the technological advancements for use of electroconvulsive treatment different today from decades age? | It causes less memory loss today |
| Which of the following is true about drug therapy? | Drugs treat only the symptoms of a disorder. |
| Which of the following is an advantage of group therapy? | People can interact with others struggling with problems similar in their own |
| People frequently choose to marry someone similar in appearance to themselves. What is this tendency called? | homogamy |
| Because a student in her history class gets all A's, Mrs. Jarman is not surprised when that student is elected class president. What phenomenon does this exhibit? | attribution theory |
| When is a person most likely to use heuristics in making a decision? | when the decision is of relatively little importance and must be made quickly |
| Verbal communication includes | writing an email |
| You don't like scary movies, but all your friends are going to watch a scary movie this weekend so you do too. This is an example of | conformity |
| When she stands in front of her classmates, Miriam cannot recite a poem she had memorized. Miriam is | displaying social inhibition |
| Which of the following best describes the impact of diffusion of responsibility? | It decreases the likelihood of altruism |
| Jared walks into a classroom and notices that one of his classmates is wearing a Cincinnati Reds T-shirt. Jared is a big Reds fan, so he presumes that his classmate is much like himself. This is an example of | assumed-similarity bias |
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Kallias
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