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Module 10
UNIT 2 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nervous System | the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems. |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | the brain and spinal cord. |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body. |
| Nerves | bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs. |
| Sensory (Afferent) Neurons | neurons that carry incoming information from the body's tissues and sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord. |
| Motor (Efferent) Neurons | neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands. |
| Interneurons | neurons within the brain and spinal cord; they communicate internally and process information between the sensory inputs and motor outputs. |
| Somatic Nervous System | the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system. |
| Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) | the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms. |
| Sympathetic Nervous System | the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy. |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System | the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy. |
| Endocrine System | the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. |
| Hormones | chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues. |
| Adrenal Glands | a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress. |
| Pituitary Gland | the endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. |
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